Movement in and out of cells

Question 1

Diffusion definition

Answer 1

The net movement of molecules down the concentration gradient from an area of a higher concentration to an area of a lower concentration

Question 2

cell membrane function

Answer 2

hold cell together + let substances in and out of cell

Question 3

Osmosis definition

Answer 3

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential

Question 4

active transport definition

Answer 4

The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration using energy

Question 5

How do root hair cells absorb minerals

Answer 5

active transport

Question 6

How are root hair cells adapt for their specific function and what are they for?

Answer 6

• Each branch of a root is covered in millions of microscopic hairs
• these increase the root hair cells surface area for absorbing water and minerals from the soil
• Plants need these healthy mineral ions for healthy growth

Question 7

lungs function

Answer 7

to transfer oxygen to the blood and to remove waste carbon dioxide from it

Question 8

villi function in small intestine

Answer 8

• increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly into the blood

Question 9

name two substances that can diffuse through cell membranes

Answer 9

carbon dioxide + urea

Question 10

explain how leaves are adapted to maximise the amount of carbon dioxide that gets in their cells

Answer 10

They are thin and flat so that carbon dioxide has a shorter distance to diffuse and the diffusion therefore occurs at a faster rate.

Question 11

explain how healthy alveoli are adapted for efficient gas exchange

Answer 11

• larger surface area
• short diffusion distance as the wall is only one cell thick
• wall of alveoli are covered in capillaries
• good blood supply

Question 12

describe one feature of how gills increase the rate of reaction

Answer 12

• have many projections
• for larger surface area

Question 13

When stem cells specialise to produce gill cells, this process is known as…

Answer 13

differentiation

Question 14

which one of the following does not contain stem cells?
- bone marrow
- embryos
- hair
- meristem tissue

Answer 14

hair

Question 15

to grow a new gill, what do cells divide by?
- mitosis
- binary fission
- mutation

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

solvent definition

Answer 16

what the solute dissolves in

Question 17

solute definition

Answer 17

chemical that dissolves in the solvent

Question 18

solution definition

Answer 18

mixture of solute and solvent

Question 19

how do root hair cells absorb water?

Answer 19

osmosis

Question 20

what is 5nm converted to when it is a micrometer and a millimetre

Answer 20

micrometre - 0.005
millimetre - 0.000005

Question 21

red blood cell function

Answer 21

transport oxygen

Question 22

state 2 ways in which a red blood cell is adapted to its function

Answer 22

• has a disk shape which helps to increase their surface area for oxygen exchange
• doesn’t contain nucleus which provides more space for haemoglobin

Question 23

which component of the blood produces antibodies

Answer 23

white blood cells

Question 24

which process will move magnesium ions into the root?

Answer 24

active transport