enzymes

Question 1

salivary gland function

Answer 1

• produces saliva
• this contains salivary amylase which breaks down starch to maltose

Question 2

esophagus function

Answer 2

• connects mouth to stomach

Question 3

stomach function

Answer 3

• produces protease which breaks down proteins in to amino acids
• produces HCL to kill ingested pathogens and created the optimum pH for the protease enzymes

Question 4

liver function

Answer 4

• produces bile
• bile emulsifies the lipids to increase the surface area for lipase enzymes to work

Question 5

gall bladder function

Answer 5

• stores bile
• releases bile into small intestine via the bile duct

Question 6

pancreas function

Answer 6

• produces protease, carbohydrase and lipases

Question 7

small intestine function

Answer 7

• wall of small intestine is folded into many villi to increase the surface area for nutrient absorption

Question 8

large intestine function

Answer 8

• area where waters and salts are re-absorbed

Question 9

anus function

Answer 9

opening of digestive system to remove undigested material

Question 10

carbohydrase function

Answer 10

break down carbohydrates in several regions of the digestive system

Question 11

protease function

Answer 11

breaks down proteins in several regions of the digestive system

Question 12

lipases function

Answer 12

break down lipids in one region of the digestive system

Question 13

describe the process of emulsification

Answer 13

• bile is produced in the liver then stored in the gall bladder
• bile emulsifies fat into small fat droplets to create a larger surface area
• lipase breaks the lipids into 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
• then absorbed by villi

Question 14

ingestion definition

Answer 14

taking in of food

Question 15

absorption definition

Answer 15

absorbed into blood stream from digestion

Question 16

elimination definition

Answer 16

waste that wasn’t digested has been disposed

Question 17

egestion definition

Answer 17

where you get rid of solid organic waste

Question 18

excretion definition

Answer 18

metabolic waste

Question 19

metabolism definition

Answer 19

all the chemical reactions in your body cells

Question 20

define anabolism

Answer 20

reactions which build up larger molecules for smaller molecules

Question 21

define catabolism

Answer 21

reactions which break down larger molecules into smaller molecules

Question 22

glucose equation

Answer 22

c6h12o6+6o2 —> 6co2 + 6h2o

Question 23

what is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 23

to release energy

Question 24

what colour is iodine originally and in a presence of starch

Answer 24

• orange-brown on its own
• turns blue-black in presence of starch

Question 25

what colour is reducing sugars originally and if it is a positive test in benedicts solution

Answer 25

• blue on its own
• turns green/yellow/orange/red if test is positive

Question 26

what colour is protein when it is positive + negative in a biuret reagent solution

Answer 26

positive = purple
negative = blue

Question 27

what are enzymes?

Answer 27

specialised protein molecules which coil up into complex 3 dimensional shapes

Question 28

what is a catalyst?

Answer 28

a chemical which speeds up the rate of reaction but remains unaltered at the end of the reaction

Question 29

what is an active site?

Answer 29

• a small cleft on the surface of an enzyme
• its the location where the specific substrate can bind to an enzyme
• when an active site is occupied by a substrate the combination is called and enzyme-substrate complex

Question 30

what is a substrate

Answer 30

• each enzyme will only allow one specific substrate to bind to its active site
• this is because the active site has to be complementary to the shape of the substrate