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PHYSIO > MOVEMENT AND MUSCLE CONTROL > Flashcards

MOVEMENT AND MUSCLE CONTROL Flashcards

1
Q

composed of differentiated cells containing contractile proteins, which have the special ability to shorten or contract to move the body parts

A

Muscle tissue

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2
Q

Muscle tissues are derived from the?

A

mesodermal layer of
embryonic germ cells

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3
Q

Muscle cells contain protein filaments of ____, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cells

A

actin and myosin
that slide past one another

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4
Q

4 Characteristics of a Muscle

A

excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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5
Q

ability to respond to stimuli

A

Excitability/irritability

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6
Q

ability to contract

A

Contractility

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7
Q

ability of a muscle to be stretched.

A

Extensibility

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8
Q

ability to recoil and return to its normal shape
after stretch

A

Elasticity

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9
Q

5 Muscle Functions

A
  • Produce Movement
  • Maintain Posture and Body Position
  • Stabilize Joints
  • Generate Heat
  • Additional Functions
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10
Q

are packaged into organs called skeletal
muscles that attach to the skeleton

A

Skeletal muscle fibers

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11
Q

Skeletal muscle cover our bone and cartilage framework, they help form the ____

A

smooth contours of the body

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12
Q

are large, cigarshaped, multinucleate
cells

A

Skeletal muscle fibers

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13
Q

also known as striated muscle and as
voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

connective tissue that wraps entire muscle

A

epimysium

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15
Q

tissue wrapped by fascicle

A

perimysium

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16
Q

tissue wrapped in perimysium

A

fascicle

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17
Q

muscle fiber wrapped in ___

A

endomysium

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18
Q

no striations and is
involuntary

A

Smooth Muscle

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19
Q

found mainly in the walls of
hollow (tubelike) organs

A

Smooth Muscle

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20
Q

spindle-shaped, uninucleate, and surrounded by and are arranged in two layers (____)

A

scant endomysium

circular and longitudinal

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21
Q

striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control

A

Cardiac Muscle

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22
Q

The cardiac cells are cushioned by small amounts of endomysium and are arranged in ____

A

spiral or figure 8–shaped
bundles

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers are branching
cells joined by special gap junctions
called

A

intercalated discs

24
Q

connective tissue components: skeletal muscle

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

25
Q

connective tissue components: smooth muscle

A

endomysium

26
Q

connective tissue components: cardiac muscle

A

endomysium attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart

27
Q

regulation of contraction: voluntary, via nervous system controls

A

skeletal muscle

28
Q

speed of contraction: skeletal muscle

A

slow to fast

29
Q

regulation of contraction:involuntary, internal heart pacemaker, nervous system, controls, hormones

A

cardiac muscle

30
Q

regulation of contraction: involuntary, nervous system controls, hormones, chemicals, stretch

A

smooth muscle

31
Q

speed of contraction: cardiac muscle

A

slow

32
Q

speed of contraction: smooth muscle

A

very slow

33
Q

no rhythmic contraction

A

skeletal muscle

34
Q

rhythmic contraction, yes, is some

A

cardiac, smooth

35
Q

are the structural and functional units of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomeres

36
Q

are the precise arrangement of even smaller
structures within sarcomeres – _______

A

Myofilaments

Thick and Thin Myofibrils

37
Q

interconnecting tubules and sacs that is used for store calcium and to release it on demand when the muscle fiber is stimulated to contract

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

38
Q

also called responsiveness, which is the ability to
receive and respond to a stimulus.

A

Irritability

39
Q

the ability to forcibly shorten when
adequately stimulated

A

Contractility

40
Q

the ability of muscle fibers to stretch,
whereas elasticity is their ability to recoil and resume their
resting length after being stretched

A

Extensibility

41
Q

____ motor neuron (nerve cell) may stimulate a few muscle
fibers or hundreds of them, depending on the particular
muscle and the work it does.

A

One

42
Q

A ____ consists of one neuron and all the skeletal
muscle fibers it stimulates

A

motor unit

43
Q

contain synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter which stimulates skeletal muscle fibers is Acetylcholineor Ach

A

Neuromuscular junctions

44
Q

Muscle Law

A

“muscle fiber will contract
to its fullest extent when it is stimulated adequately;
it never partially contracts.

However, the whole muscle reacts to stimuli with
graded responses, or different degrees of shortening,
which generate different amounts of force.

45
Q

Graded Muscle Contraction
is generated by:

A
  • (1) by changing the frequency of muscle
    stimulation
  • (2) by changing the number of muscle fibers
    being stimulated at one time
46
Q

What Fueled Muscle Contraction?

A

direct phosphorylation
aerobic pathway
anaerobic pathway

47
Q

direct phosphorylation
energy source?
oxygen use?
products:
duration of energy provision?

A
  • creatine phosphate CP
  • none
  • 1 ATP per CP, creatine
  • 15 secs
48
Q

aerobic pathway
energy source?
oxygen use?
products:
duration of energy provision?

A
  • glucose; pyruvic acid; free fatty acids from adipose tissue; amino acids from protein catabolism
  • with oxygen
  • 32 ATP per glucose, CO2, H2O
  • Hours
49
Q

anaerobic pathway
energy source?
oxygen use?
products:
duration of energy provision?

A
  • glucose
  • no oxygen
  • 2 ATP per glucose, lactic acid
  • 40 secs or more
50
Q

Types of Muscle
Contraction

A

isotonic contractions
isometric contractions

51
Q

the myofilaments are successful in
their sliding movements, the muscle shortens, and movement
occurs

A

isotonic contractions

52
Q

examples of isotonic contractions

A

bending knee, lifting weights, smiling

53
Q

the myosin filaments are “spinning
their wheels,” and the tension in the muscle keeps increasing.
They are trying to slide, but the muscle is pitted against some
more or less immovable object

A

isometric contractions

54
Q

example of isometric contractions

A

when you push
the palms of your hands together in front of you, your arms
and chest muscles are contracting isometrically.

55
Q
A

PHYSIO (5 decks)

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