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A Level PE > Movement Analysis, Technology and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Movement Analysis, Technology and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

joints that move freely

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2
Q

What does warm up stimulate in the joints?

A

synovial fluid

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3
Q

What are the 5 joint types?

A

pivot, ball & socket, hinge, ellipsoid, gliding

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4
Q

Example of pivot joint:

A

neck

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5
Q

Example of ball & socket joint:

A

shoulder and hip

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6
Q

Example of hinge joint:

A

elbow & knee

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7
Q

Example of ellipsoid joint:

A

wrist

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8
Q

Example of gliding joint:

A

ankle

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9
Q

What movements are possible at a ball & socket joint?

A

rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion and extension

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10
Q

What movements are possible at a hinge joint?

A

flexion and extension

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11
Q

What movements are possible at a pivot joint?

A

rotation

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12
Q

What movements are possible at a gliding joint?

A

plantar/dorsi flexion, pronation and supernation

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13
Q

What movements are possible at an ellipsoid joint?

A

flexion, extension, circumduction, rotation, pronation, supernation

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14
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

the point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively stable during the contraction

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15
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

the point of attachment of a muscle that tends to move towards the origin in a contraction

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16
Q

What is a concentric contraction?

A
  • muscle shortens and pulls
  • upwards movement
  • uses agonist
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17
Q

What is an eccentric contraction?

A
  • muscle lengthens
  • downwards movement
  • uses antagonist
  • control or deceleration
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18
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A
  • no change in length
  • tension stays the same length
  • stops flexion and extension
  • amount of force related to length of the muscle
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19
Q

What are the characteristics of type 1 (slow oxidative/twitch) fibres?

A
  • red colour
  • small size
  • many mitochondria
  • many capillaries
  • high myoglobin
  • low glycogen
  • slow speed and lo strength of contraction
  • slow fatigue
  • high aerobic capacity
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20
Q

What are the characteristics of type 2a (fast oxidative glycotic/ fast twitch) fibres?

A
  • pink colour
  • medium size
  • many mitochondria
  • many capillaries
  • high myoglobin
  • medium glycogen
  • fast speed and medium strength of contraction
  • medium fatigue
  • medium aerobic capacity
  • good anaerobic capacity
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21
Q

What are the characteristics of type 2b (fast glycotic/ fast twitch) fibres?

A
  • white colour
  • large size
  • few mitochondria
  • few capillaries
  • low myoglobin
  • high glycogen
  • fast speed of contraction
  • quick fatigue
  • good anaerobic capacity
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22
Q

Which planes and axis work to produce a spinning movement?

A
  • horizontal/ transverse plane

- longitudinal axis

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23
Q

Which planes and axis work to produce forwards movement?

A
  • sagittal plane

- horizontal/ transverse axis

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24
Q

Which planes and axis work to produce a side ways movement?

A
  • frontal plane

- frontal/ anterior-posterior axis

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25
Q

How does the horizontal/ transverse plane and sagittal axis split the body?

A

top and bottom, axis through head

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26
Q

How does the sagittal plane and horizontal/ transverse axis split the body?

A

left to right, axis through horizontally through side

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27
Q

How does the frontal plane and frontal/anterior-posterior axis split the body?

A

front and back, axis horizontally through centre

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28
Q

Define force:

A

a force is a push or pull that alters or tends to alter the state of motion of a body

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29
Q

What are the 5 things a force can cause a body to do?

A
  • change direction
  • accelerate
  • decelerate
  • change shape
  • move
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30
Q

What are the 6 examples of forces?

A
  • gravity
  • air resistance
  • water resistance
  • drag
  • friction
  • muscular force
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31
Q

What is linear motion?

A

motion in a straight line

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32
Q

What is angular motion?

A

curved motion

33
Q

What is general motion?

A

linear and angular motion

34
Q

Define centre of mass:

A

the point at which the body is balanced in all directions

35
Q

What causes a stable position?

A
  • low centre of mass
  • large base of support
  • line of gravity in middle of base
36
Q

Define line of gravity:

A

imaginary straight line down from centre of mass

37
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

a body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted on by an external force

38
Q

What is Newton’s first law also known as?

A

law of inertia

39
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

when a force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum experienced by the object is proportional to the size of the force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts

40
Q

What is Newton’s second law also known as?

A

law of acceleration

41
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

42
Q

What is Newton’s third law also known as?

A

law of reaction

43
Q

Within the Bernoulli effect how does the air act on top of the object?

A
  • faster
  • particles spread
  • low pressure
44
Q

Within the Bernoulli effect how does the air below the object?

A
  • slow
  • particles together
  • high pressure
45
Q

Within the Magnus effect how is top spin created?

A
  • slow air on top
  • fast air underneath
  • force applied at top
  • clockwise spin
46
Q

Within the Magnus effect how is back spin created?

A
  • fast air on top
  • slow air underneath
  • force applied at bottom
  • anticlockwise spin
47
Q

What type of force is applied to create back spin or top spin?

A

eccentric force

48
Q

Farthest to shortest, how far does back spin, top spin and no spin make a ball travel?

A
  • furthest: back spin
  • middle: no spin
  • shortest: top spin
49
Q

Define performance analysis:

A

creating a reliable record of performance by means of observations with a view to facilitating change

50
Q

Define intrinsic feedback:

A

feedback in regards to your own performance, kinaesthetic feel

51
Q

Define aerodynamics:

A

flow of air or fluid around a projectile which can influence the speed and direction of the object

52
Q

Which flow of air increases friction?

A

turbulent

53
Q

Which flow of air decreases friction?

A

laminar

54
Q

Define wake:

A

zone of turbulent air/ water at the back of something

55
Q

Define drag:

A

the force that pulls back from behind

56
Q

What are the 4 components of levers?

A

lever arm, fulcrum, load and effort

57
Q

What are the structures of the lever systems?

A

FLE- Fulcrum (middle in first) Load (middle in second) Effort (middle in third)

58
Q

Example of first class lever system:

A

heading a football

59
Q

Example if second class lever system:

A

long jump take off

60
Q

Example of third class lever system:

A

bicep curl + most other movements as it’s good for ranges of movements

61
Q

What makes a small moment of inertia?

A

mass close to axis of rotation

62
Q

What makes a large moment of inertia?

A

mass far from axis of rotation

63
Q

Define impulse:

A

the application of force over time (force x time)

64
Q

What is the optimum angle of a projectile?

A

45 degrees

65
Q

Define projectile:

A

body moving through air

66
Q

Define trajectory:

A

flight path of a projectile

67
Q

What does the trajectory of a projectile depend on:

A

mass, speed, shape, angle, height

68
Q

What are the 5 stages of performance analysis?

A

planning, analysis, evaluation, feedback, observe

69
Q

What is quantitive data?

A

numerical, factual

70
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

opinionated, judged

71
Q

What is subjective feedback?

A

opinionated feedback

72
Q

What is objective feedback?

A

factual feedback

73
Q

What are the 4 performance indicators?

A

tactical, technical, behavioural, physical

74
Q

What is notational analysis?

A

recording facts throughout game

75
Q

Advantages of live analysis:

A

feedback is sooner

76
Q

Disadvantages of live analysis:

A
  • only recall 30-50% of live performance
  • limited to parts of performance
  • can be inaccurate
77
Q

Advantages of post play analysis:

A
  • accurate
  • can be replayed
  • different aspects analysed
  • other teams analysed
78
Q

Disadvantages of post play analysis:

A
  • feedback is delayed

A Level PE (5 decks)

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