Movement Analysis, Technology and Biomechanics Flashcards
What are synovial joints?
joints that move freely
What does warm up stimulate in the joints?
synovial fluid
What are the 5 joint types?
pivot, ball & socket, hinge, ellipsoid, gliding
Example of pivot joint:
neck
Example of ball & socket joint:
shoulder and hip
Example of hinge joint:
elbow & knee
Example of ellipsoid joint:
wrist
Example of gliding joint:
ankle
What movements are possible at a ball & socket joint?
rotation, abduction, adduction, circumduction, flexion and extension
What movements are possible at a hinge joint?
flexion and extension
What movements are possible at a pivot joint?
rotation
What movements are possible at a gliding joint?
plantar/dorsi flexion, pronation and supernation
What movements are possible at an ellipsoid joint?
flexion, extension, circumduction, rotation, pronation, supernation
What is the origin of a muscle?
the point of attachment of a muscle that remains relatively stable during the contraction
What is the insertion of a muscle?
the point of attachment of a muscle that tends to move towards the origin in a contraction
What is a concentric contraction?
- muscle shortens and pulls
- upwards movement
- uses agonist
What is an eccentric contraction?
- muscle lengthens
- downwards movement
- uses antagonist
- control or deceleration
What is an isometric contraction?
- no change in length
- tension stays the same length
- stops flexion and extension
- amount of force related to length of the muscle
What are the characteristics of type 1 (slow oxidative/twitch) fibres?
- red colour
- small size
- many mitochondria
- many capillaries
- high myoglobin
- low glycogen
- slow speed and lo strength of contraction
- slow fatigue
- high aerobic capacity
What are the characteristics of type 2a (fast oxidative glycotic/ fast twitch) fibres?
- pink colour
- medium size
- many mitochondria
- many capillaries
- high myoglobin
- medium glycogen
- fast speed and medium strength of contraction
- medium fatigue
- medium aerobic capacity
- good anaerobic capacity
What are the characteristics of type 2b (fast glycotic/ fast twitch) fibres?
- white colour
- large size
- few mitochondria
- few capillaries
- low myoglobin
- high glycogen
- fast speed of contraction
- quick fatigue
- good anaerobic capacity
Which planes and axis work to produce a spinning movement?
- horizontal/ transverse plane
- longitudinal axis
Which planes and axis work to produce forwards movement?
- sagittal plane
- horizontal/ transverse axis
Which planes and axis work to produce a side ways movement?
- frontal plane
- frontal/ anterior-posterior axis
How does the horizontal/ transverse plane and sagittal axis split the body?
top and bottom, axis through head
How does the sagittal plane and horizontal/ transverse axis split the body?
left to right, axis through horizontally through side
How does the frontal plane and frontal/anterior-posterior axis split the body?
front and back, axis horizontally through centre
Define force:
a force is a push or pull that alters or tends to alter the state of motion of a body
What are the 5 things a force can cause a body to do?
- change direction
- accelerate
- decelerate
- change shape
- move
What are the 6 examples of forces?
- gravity
- air resistance
- water resistance
- drag
- friction
- muscular force
What is linear motion?
motion in a straight line
What is angular motion?
curved motion
What is general motion?
linear and angular motion
Define centre of mass:
the point at which the body is balanced in all directions
What causes a stable position?
- low centre of mass
- large base of support
- line of gravity in middle of base
Define line of gravity:
imaginary straight line down from centre of mass
What is Newton’s first law?
a body continues in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted on by an external force
What is Newton’s first law also known as?
law of inertia
What is Newton’s second law?
when a force acts on an object, the rate of change of momentum experienced by the object is proportional to the size of the force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts
What is Newton’s second law also known as?
law of acceleration
What is Newton’s third law?
for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction
What is Newton’s third law also known as?
law of reaction
Within the Bernoulli effect how does the air act on top of the object?
- faster
- particles spread
- low pressure
Within the Bernoulli effect how does the air below the object?
- slow
- particles together
- high pressure
Within the Magnus effect how is top spin created?
- slow air on top
- fast air underneath
- force applied at top
- clockwise spin
Within the Magnus effect how is back spin created?
- fast air on top
- slow air underneath
- force applied at bottom
- anticlockwise spin
What type of force is applied to create back spin or top spin?
eccentric force
Farthest to shortest, how far does back spin, top spin and no spin make a ball travel?
- furthest: back spin
- middle: no spin
- shortest: top spin
Define performance analysis:
creating a reliable record of performance by means of observations with a view to facilitating change
Define intrinsic feedback:
feedback in regards to your own performance, kinaesthetic feel
Define aerodynamics:
flow of air or fluid around a projectile which can influence the speed and direction of the object
Which flow of air increases friction?
turbulent
Which flow of air decreases friction?
laminar
Define wake:
zone of turbulent air/ water at the back of something
Define drag:
the force that pulls back from behind
What are the 4 components of levers?
lever arm, fulcrum, load and effort
What are the structures of the lever systems?
FLE- Fulcrum (middle in first) Load (middle in second) Effort (middle in third)
Example of first class lever system:
heading a football
Example if second class lever system:
long jump take off
Example of third class lever system:
bicep curl + most other movements as it’s good for ranges of movements
What makes a small moment of inertia?
mass close to axis of rotation
What makes a large moment of inertia?
mass far from axis of rotation
Define impulse:
the application of force over time (force x time)
What is the optimum angle of a projectile?
45 degrees
Define projectile:
body moving through air
Define trajectory:
flight path of a projectile
What does the trajectory of a projectile depend on:
mass, speed, shape, angle, height
What are the 5 stages of performance analysis?
planning, analysis, evaluation, feedback, observe
What is quantitive data?
numerical, factual
What is qualitative data?
opinionated, judged
What is subjective feedback?
opinionated feedback
What is objective feedback?
factual feedback
What are the 4 performance indicators?
tactical, technical, behavioural, physical
What is notational analysis?
recording facts throughout game
Advantages of live analysis:
feedback is sooner
Disadvantages of live analysis:
- only recall 30-50% of live performance
- limited to parts of performance
- can be inaccurate
Advantages of post play analysis:
- accurate
- can be replayed
- different aspects analysed
- other teams analysed
Disadvantages of post play analysis:
- feedback is delayed
