Movement Analysis

Question 1

What is the fulcrum?

Answer 1

The part of a lever system that pivots; joints are functions of the bodies lever system

Question 2

What is the resistance (load)?

Answer 2

load to be moved by lever system; usually involves weight when doy’s lever system is involved

Question 3

What is the effort?

Answer 3

The force applied to move the resistance of the weight or resistance; in the body, the effort is provided by muscles exerting force

Question 4

What is the lever arm?

Answer 4

the bone or body part being moved about a joint

Question 5

What is a first class lever system?

Answer 5

Load down, Fulcrum up, Effort down

Question 6

What is a second class lever system?

Answer 6

Fulcrum up, Load down, Effort up

Question 7

What is a third class lever system?

Answer 7

Fulcrum up, Effort up, Load down

Question 8

Give an example of a first class lever system

Answer 8

triceps cause extension of lower arm at elbow joint

Question 9

Give an example of a second class lever system

Answer 9

gastrocnemius cause plantar flexion at ankle joint

Question 10

Give an example of a third class lever system

Answer 10

biceps cause flexion at elbow joint

Question 11

What lever system is used at head/neck?

Answer 11

first class
joint where skull meets spinal column is fulcrum
weight of head is load
Muscle at top of neck provide effort to left head

Question 12

What is mechanical advantage?

Answer 12

effort arm ÷ resistance arm
large load lifted with relatively little effort
can only move load at short distances and low speeds

Question 13

What is mechanical disadvantage?

Answer 13

lots of effort to lift relatively small load

Question 14

What is the effort arm?

Answer 14

the distance from the effort to the fulcrum

Question 15

What is the resistance arm?

Answer 15

the distance from the resistance to the fulcrum

Question 16

What type of lever systems have a low mechanical advantage? and why?

Answer 16

third class
effort arm shorter than resistance arm so mechanical advantage is less than 1

Question 17

What type of lever systems have a high mechanical advantage? and why?

Answer 17

second class
effort arm longer than resistance arm so mechanical advantage is bigger than 1

Question 18

What type of lever system can have a high or low mechanical advantage and why?

Answer 18

first class
depends whether fulcrum is closer to effort or resistance

Question 19

What is flexion?

Answer 19

decrease in angle of bones at a joint

Question 20

What is extension?

Answer 20

increase in angle of bone at joint

Question 21

What is abduction?

Answer 21

movement away from midline of body

Question 22

What is adduction?

Answer 22

movement towards midline of body

Question 23

What is rotation?

Answer 23

movement around an axis

Question 24

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 24

increase angle at ankle joint (toes point down)

Question 25

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 25

decreasing angle at ankle joint (toes point up)

Question 26

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 26

forwards or backwards
(splits body into left and right)

Question 27

What is the frontal plane?

Answer 27

left or right
(splits body into front and back)

Question 28

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 28

rotation around longitudinal axis
(splits body into top and bottom)

Question 29

What is the longitudinal axis?

Answer 29

head to toe

Question 30

What is the transverse axis?

Answer 30

through hips

Question 31

What is the sagittal axis?

Answer 31

through belly button

Question 32

What movement takes place at a sagittal plane?

Answer 32

flexion/extension
movement takes place about the transverse axis

Question 33

What movement takes place at a frontal plane?

Answer 33

abduction/adduction
movement about sagittal axis

Question 34

What movement takes place at a transverse plane?

Answer 34

rotation
movement about longitudinal axis

Question 35

What movement takes place at a transverse axis?

Answer 35

somersault
squat

Question 36

What movement takes place at a sagittal axis?

Answer 36

cartwheel

Question 37

What movement takes place at a longitudinal axis?

Answer 37

turn/pirouette
discus throw rotation