Movement Flashcards
Central nervous system
Modulating and adjusting the movement
Posterior sensory regions
Specify movement goals and send information to the prefrontal cortex by several routes
Prefrontal cortex
Generates plans for movements
Premotor cortex
Contains a movement lexicon, it recognizes the movement of others and select similar or different actions. Contains the pincher grip.
Primary motor cortex
Consists of movements that are somewhat more elementary than those of the premotor cortex. Encodes finer, grasping related movements.
Dorsal premotor cortex
Whole body movements
Ventral areas
Reaching movements
Ventral part of premotor cortex
Hand to mouth actions
Dorsal parietal regions
Stepping movements
Medial parietal regions
Reaching movements
Ventral parietal regions
Hand to mouth movements
Neocortex
To blend together motor reflexes to form learned skilled actions
Brainstem
Coordinates essential structures behaviours
Basal ganglia
Help to produce the appropriate amount of force. Connect the motor cortex with the midbrain and connect the sensory regions of the neocortex with the motor cortex.
- Damage to caudate putamen → Hyperkinetic symptoms
- Damage to input, but cells are intact → Hypokinetic symptoms
Globus pallidus (GPi)
Receives input from two regulatory pathways that affect the motor cortex and projects to the thalamus
- High activity in the inhibitory pathway → less inhibition of the thalamus → more excitation of the cortex → more movement.
- High activity in the excitatory pathway → strong inhibition of the thalamus → less input to the cortex → less movement
Cerebellum
Helps to regulate timing and corrects any errors as the movement takes place
Flocculus
Receives projections from the vestibular system and so takes part in controlling balance
Medial areas of the cerebellum
Involved in movements in the face and the body’s midline
Lateral areas of the cerebellum
Associated with movements of the limbs, hands, feet, and digits
