Language Flashcards
Inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area)
Typically seen as part of the core language network. It is associated with word selection in response to external cues and functions as an extension of the lateral premotor cortex.
- The anterior part is involved in semantic processing (understanding word meaning).
- The posterior part is involved in phonological processing (producing speech sounds)
Superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area)
Also considered part of the core language network. The early Wernicke-Geschwind model proposed that this area extracts speech comprehension from sounds.
Supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus
These areas are part of the core language network.
Medial temporal gyrus
Also referred to as part of the core language network.
Precentral and postcentral gyri
Are mentioned as areas surrounding Broca’s and Wernicke’s area that are also involved in language.
Insula
A structure hidden in the lateral fissure, important for speech apraxia.
Heschl’s gyrus (primary auditory cortex)
Also a deeper structure in the lateral fissure, involved in auditory processing and speech perception. Word processing activates widespread areas, including the temporal lobes, as well as the thalamus and cerebellum, highlighting the importance of auditory processing.
Thalamus
A subcortical area that contributes to various language processes.
Caudate nucleus (part of the basal ganglia)
A subcortical area also involved in language processes. The basal ganglia are generally involved in motor output. Some studies suggest that language deficits after stroke in the basal ganglia may actually result from subtle neocortical damage.
Cerebellum
A subcortical area that contributes to various language processes. Speaking tasks activate the right side of the cerebellum. Verb generation also activates the cerebellum.
Arcuate fasciculus
A white matter pathway that transmits information from Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area according to the early model.
