Movement Flashcards
1
Q
Why do individuals move?
A
- find food
- find a sutiable mate
- escape danger
2
Q
What are the advantages of passive movement?
A
- little of no energy expedicture
- can move passively through water and air
- some species attach themselves to hosts
3
Q
What are the disadvantages of passive movement?
A
- No control over where you end up –> may end up in sub-optimal environments.
4
Q
Whare are the advantages of active movement?
A
- Can control where you end up
- organisms can move through all environments
5
Q
What are the disadvantages of active movement?
A
- Energy is required
- Individuals need to balance low energy is used.
6
Q
What are the ads to moving in H2O?
A
- Support
- Hydration dissociation not a problem
- environmentally buffered.
7
Q
What are the disads of moving in water?
A
- Strong currents
- Must maintain buoyancy - energy and specialised structures.
- water levels may fluctuate
8
Q
What are the challenges to moving on land?
A
- O2 in air = need to capture it.
- Lack of water = dehydration or dissociation becomes a problem
UV radiation causes DNA and cell damage - No support - need structures that support them
- Energy-hungry passive movement is typically limited terrestrial ecosystems are complex and vary dramatically.
9
Q
what are the adaptions to living on land?
A
- cell walls
- vascular tissues
- lignin and bark
- seeds or spores
- legs
10
Q
How can living things move in air?
A
- safest and most challenging
- gravity wins - adaptions required to ensure list
- strong wind currents - can end up in sub optimal environments.
- extremely energy hungry - flying requires large muscles.
11
Q
What are the adaptions that have occurred for living things to be able to fly?
A
- light - taken by the wind anyway
- produce lots of seeds - chance of landing in a good environment is low.
- large SA for list
- Enlarged muscles for flight = may need to trade off w/ something else.
12
Q
What are some of the early adaptions for active movement?
A
- Cilia = hair like structures covering outside of the body (In nose and and esophagus).
- Pseudopods (false feet) = move out in specfic directions.
- flagella = longer hair like structures that propel a body around
13
Q
Explain how Cnidarians move:
A
- Jellyfish: expand and contract their bell shaped bodies o propel themselves
- muscles assist.
- energy efficient
- accumulate to gain nutrients.
14
Q
Explain how molluscs move:
A
- take water in their mouth then contract their body to push water through a funnel to propel themselves
- Tentacles also help.
15
Q
Explain the land movement of molluscs:
A
Look at Celeste’s Notes!!
