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Exploring Biomedicine > Gastroenteritis and Typhoid > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis and Typhoid Flashcards

1
Q

Explain what microbe dependence is and why it is important:

A
  • Evolved from primitive forms that rely on exchange of materials w/the outside world (e.g. water and nutrients).
  • Gastrointestinal tract mouth–>anus allows us to engage with microbes.
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2
Q

What is the small intestine lined with?

A

Villi

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3
Q

Is the large intestine folded or smooth?

A

Folded - also has villi (but not as convoluted.

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4
Q

What are villi? What is the function of villi?

A
  • High SA/V
  • Function: absorbs fats and other nutrients directly into the bloodstream.
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5
Q

What are mucosal tissues guarded by?

A
  • The immune system.
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6
Q

What is the area under epithelial cells that is filled with immune cells called?

A

Lumince propria

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7
Q

What is the peyer’s patch?

A

Anatomically different structures, congregates of immune cells you can see by the eye.

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8
Q

What is the role of the Lumince Propria and and the Peyer’s Patch?

A

Ensure any microbe is responded to, eliminated, and prevented from traveling further into the body.

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9
Q

True or false, the intestine is full of immune cells?

A

True.

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10
Q

What are the five things that a healthy gastrointestinal microbiota is important for?

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Maintaining integrity of mucosal barriers
  3. Immune system development and homeostasis
  4. Brain and heart health
    Weight control
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11
Q

What are the causes of gastroenteritis?

A

Bacteria: salmonella
Viruses: Norovirus
Parasites: Giardia intestinalis

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12
Q

What is gastroenteritis?

A
  • Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (infectious and non-infectious)
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of gastroenteritis?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • vomitting,
  • cramping
  • fever
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14
Q

How does someone contract gastroenteritis?

A
  • Faecal-oral route
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15
Q

How is gastroenteritis treated?

A
  • Involves rehydration.
  • 2 billion cases per year, 73 million deaths.
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16
Q

What are the pathogenic traits of gastroenteritis?

A
  • promote colonization in novel places
  • antagonise host defences
  • facilitate spread.
17
Q

Outline the four-step process of gastroenteritis:

A
  1. Encounter
  2. Entry
  3. Multiplication
  4. Spread
18
Q

What occurs when the pathogen is spread?

A

Damage

19
Q

Outline some of the damage that occurs with gastroenteritis:

A
  1. Tissue damage (seen through tissue pathology)
  2. Loss of organ function
  3. Occupation of a normally sterile site.
20
Q

How does damage occur?

A
  • Caused by micro-organisms (secreted toxins, replication inside host-cells).
  • Host response (inflammation).
21
Q

Explain what serovars of salmonella are/is:

A
  • Human-restricted serovars (typhi, paratyphi A).
  • Enteric fever C typhoid and paraphoid.
  • Non-typical salmonella (e.g.

Exploring Biomedicine (23 decks)

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