Move to war - Inter country developments Flashcards
What was the Weimar Republic Formation?
Established after WWI; faced immediate challenges including political extremism, economic instability, and a lack of popular support.
What caused Hyperinflation in Germany in 1923?
Economic crisis caused by reparations and poor monetary policy; led to social unrest and the rise of extremist parties like the Nazis.
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
Hitler’s failed coup attempt; resulted in his imprisonment where he wrote ‘Mein Kampf,’ solidifying his ideology and future political strategy.
What was the Dawes Plan?
Restructured Germany’s reparations payments and stabilized its economy; temporarily improved relations with the West but increased reliance on foreign loans.
What led to the Rise of the Nazi Party in the 1930s?
Exploited economic despair and national humiliation; gained significant electoral support, leading to Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor in 1933.
What were the British Economic Challenges in the 1920s-1930s?
Faced high unemployment and economic downturn post-WWI; led to social unrest and demands for government intervention in the economy.
What was the National Government Formation in 1931?
A coalition government formed to address economic crises; implemented austerity measures but faced criticism for not adequately addressing unemployment.
What was the Appeasement Policy in Britain during the 1930s?
Aimed at avoiding war by conceding to Hitler’s demands; ultimately discredited as it emboldened Nazi aggression leading up to WWII.
What was the Irish Independence Movement?
Resulted from discontent with British rule; culminated in the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921) establishing the Irish Free State, impacting British domestic politics.
What was the Russian Civil War?
Conflict between Bolsheviks (Reds) and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites); solidified Bolshevik control but resulted in widespread devastation and famine.
What was War Communism in Russia?
Economic policy that nationalized industry and requisitioned agricultural products; led to severe food shortages and peasant discontent, paving the way for NEP.
What was the New Economic Policy (NEP) introduced in 1921?
Introduced by Lenin to stabilize the economy by allowing some private enterprise; restored agricultural production but was seen as a retreat from socialism.
How did Stalin rise to power?
Following Lenin’s death, Stalin consolidated power through political maneuvering and purges, establishing a totalitarian regime that suppressed dissent.
What characterized Fascist Italy under Mussolini?
Capitalized on economic turmoil and social unrest; established a dictatorship that emphasized nationalism and militarism while suppressing opposition.
What was the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia in 1935?
Aimed to showcase Italian power; resulted in international condemnation but solidified Mussolini’s regime domestically by promoting national pride.
What was the Popular Front in France (1936-1937)?
Coalition of leftist parties aimed at addressing economic issues; enacted labor reforms but faced internal divisions and external pressures leading to its collapse.
What were the Strikes and Labor Unrest in France?
Frequent strikes during the inter-war period reflected worker dissatisfaction with economic conditions; led to significant labor reforms but also political instability.
What was the Economic Crisis in France in 1932?
The Great Depression hit France hard, leading to high unemployment rates and political chaos, with rising extremist movements on both ends of the spectrum.
What was the Political Polarization in France?
Increased tensions between right-wing factions and leftist groups; culminated in violent confrontations and instability during the late 1930s.
What was the Role of Propaganda in Italy?
Mussolini’s regime used propaganda extensively to promote fascist ideology, glorifying the state while suppressing dissenting voices.
What were the French Foreign Policy Challenges?
Sought security through alliances with Eastern European nations but struggled against rising German militarism, ultimately failing to prevent WWII.
What was the Impact of the Great Depression on Europe?
Led to widespread unemployment and social unrest across all major European states, contributing to the rise of extremist political movements.
What were the Anti-Semitic Policies in Germany during the 1930s?
Escalated during the 1930s under Nazi rule, culminating in widespread discrimination that laid groundwork for the Holocaust.
What was the Militarization of Society in Germany?
The Nazi regime emphasized rearmament and militarism as central components of national rejuvenation, impacting domestic policies significantly.
What was the Spanish Civil War’s Influence on Europe?
A proxy conflict that drew international involvement; highlighted ideological divisions between fascism and communism across Europe.
What were the Disarmament Efforts Post-WWI?
Attempts at arms reduction were largely unsuccessful due to national interests overshadowing collective security commitments among nations.
What was the Role of Women During the Inter-war Period?
Women’s rights advanced in some areas but faced backlash during economic crises as traditional roles were reinforced across Europe.
What were the Cultural Developments Reflecting Social Change?
Art movements like Surrealism emerged as responses to societal anxieties; cultural shifts influenced public sentiment towards politics.
What is the Legacy of Inter-war Developments on WWII?
Political instability, unresolved grievances from WWI treaties, and economic hardships created conditions ripe for conflict leading up to WWII.
What was the Impact of Authoritarian Regimes on European Politics?
The rise of totalitarian regimes fundamentally altered political landscapes across Europe, challenging democratic institutions and principles.
