Diplomacy Flashcards
- Paris Peace Settlement (1919)
Aimed to establish lasting peace post-WWI, but imposed punitive measures on Germany, leading to future tensions and conflicts.
- League of Nations Formation
Established to promote collective security and prevent future wars; ultimately failed due to lack of enforcement power and U.S. non-participation.
Jan 10 1920
- Collective Security Concept
Intended to deter aggression through mutual defense agreements; however, it was undermined by member states prioritizing national interests over collective action.
- British Foreign Policy in the 1920s
Focused on maintaining peace through diplomacy and economic cooperation, but shifted towards appeasement in the 1930s due to rising tensions in Europe.
- Appeasement Policy (1930s)
British and French strategy of conceding to Hitler’s demands to avoid war; initially popular but ultimately discredited as it emboldened Nazi aggression.
- Munich Agreement (1938)
Allowed German annexation of the Sudetenland; viewed as a failure of appeasement that encouraged further territorial expansion by Hitler.
- Treaty of St. Germain (1919)
Signed with Austria; resulted in territorial losses and economic difficulties for Austria, contributing to instability in Central Europe.
- Treaty of Trianon (1920)
Signed with Hungary; imposed severe territorial losses that fostered resentment and instability in Hungary and neighboring regions.
- Failures of the League of Nations
Ineffective in preventing aggression from Japan, Italy, and Germany; highlighted by its inability to respond to the Manchurian Crisis (1931) and the invasion of Abyssina (1935).
- Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)
Non-aggression treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union that allowed Hitler to invade Poland without fear of Soviet intervention, facilitating the outbreak of WWII.
- French Foreign Policy (1920s-1930s)
Aimed at forming alliances with Eastern European nations to counter German threats; ultimately failed as alliances crumbled under pressure from Nazi expansionism.
- Cultural Diplomacy in Europe
Many nations established cultural programs to promote national interests abroad; these initiatives were used as tools for soft power during diplomatic negotiations.
- The Impact of the Great Depression on Diplomacy
Economic turmoil led countries to prioritize national interests over international cooperation, weakening diplomatic ties and increasing isolationism.
1929
- British Domestic Concerns during Appeasement
Economic struggles and anti-war sentiment influenced Britain’s appeasement policy; many citizens wanted to avoid another devastating conflict like WWI.
- The Role of Italy in European Diplomacy
Mussolini sought to expand Italian influence through aggressive foreign policies, aligning with Nazi Germany while attempting to assert Italy’s position as a great power.
- The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)
A proxy conflict that drew international involvement; highlighted ideological divisions in Europe and foreshadowed the larger conflict of WWII.
- The Failure of Disarmament Efforts
Attempts at arms reduction were undermined by nations’ self-interests; the lack of commitment led to an arms race that contributed to WWII’s outbreak.
The Anglo-German Naval Agreement (35% of Britains navy)
- The Role of the United States in European Diplomacy
Initially focused on isolationism post-WWI; U.S. involvement became crucial after WWII began, shifting global power dynamics significantly.
- The Impact of WWII on European Diplomacy
The war reshaped international relations, leading to the establishment of new alliances and organizations like the United Nations aimed at preventing future conflicts.
- The Significance of the Yalta Conference (1945)
Allied leaders discussed post-war reorganization; decisions made set the stage for Cold War tensions between the U.S.S.R and Western powers.
- The Potsdam Conference (1945)
Addressed post-war order but revealed deepening divisions between Allies, particularly regarding Eastern Europe and Germany’s future governance.
- The Role of Propaganda in Diplomacy
Governments utilized propaganda extensively during this period to shape public opinion and justify foreign policy decisions, influencing diplomatic relations.
- Economic Sanctions as Diplomatic Tools
Used by nations during this period as a means of exerting pressure without military intervention; effectiveness varied based on international support.
- The Impact of Nationalism on Diplomacy
Resurgent nationalism influenced foreign policy decisions across Europe, often leading to conflicts that undermined collective security efforts.
