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Block 5 Week 3 Dani > Motor Neurons 2 - Kenyon > Flashcards

Motor Neurons 2 - Kenyon Flashcards

1
Q

cell bodies located lateraly project to muscles of posture or skilled movement?

A

skilled movement

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2
Q

cell bodies located medially in the spinal cord project to postural or muscles of skilled movement?

A

postural muscles

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3
Q

In the lateral CST, where are the lower motor neurons located?

A

In the lateral ventral horn

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4
Q

In the ventral CST, where are the lower motor neurons located?

A

in teh medial ventral horn

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5
Q

Does the ventral CST decussate?

A

No

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6
Q

Where are the upper motor neurons originating for the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts?

A

brainstem

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7
Q

dot the vestibulospinal and reticulospinal tracts decussate?

A

NO

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8
Q

Is there extensive crossing over of the medial local circuit neurons controlling posture?

A

yes

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9
Q

Do the local circuit neurons controlling posture control muscles independently or groups of muscles?

A

groups of muscles

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10
Q

Is there extensive crossing over of the local circuit neurons controlling skilled movement?

A

no

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11
Q

Do the local circuit neurons controlling skilled movement control muscles independently or groups of muscles?

A

independent muscles

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12
Q

The lower motor neurons controlling muscles of the face are in the (blank). They receive input from upper motor neurons via (blank) tract

A

brainstem

corticobulbar

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13
Q

Lower motor neurons controlling the muscles of the body are in the (blank) They receive input from upper motor neurons via the (blank) tract

A

spinal cord

corticospinal

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14
Q

Can upper motor neurons contribute to both the corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts?

A

yes

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15
Q

the corticobulbar tract would find its upper motor neurons medial or lateral on the brain somatotopy?

A

lateral

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16
Q

the corticospinal tract would find its upper motor neurons medially or laterally on the brain somatotopy?

A

medial`

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17
Q

At what level does the corticospinal decussate? what is the name of the decussation?

A

Caudal medulla; pyramidal decussation

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18
Q

On the shared CST and corticobulbar tract, where do the corticobulbar fibers head off to in the middle medulla?

A

to the reticular formation

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19
Q

In what nuclei does the CST synapse in the dorsal column?

A

Gracile and cuneate

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20
Q

What body structures does the lateral CST control?

A

limbs and hands

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21
Q

what body structures does the ventral CST control?

A

hip, trunk, shoulder, elbow, and neck

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22
Q

Can neurons from the ventral CST send fibers to the reticular formation?

A

Yes

23
Q

Why is is that the neurons in the motor and premotor cortex branch to synapse in both the lateral and ventral CST?

A

to coordinate postural adjustments

24
Q

Lower motor neurons controlling superior and inferior facial muscles are located in the (ipsilateral/contralateral) facial nerve (VII) nucleus.

A

ispilateral

25
Q

Upper motor neurons originate in (contralaterally/ipsilaterally) that control lower motor neurons controlling inferior facial muscles

A

contralaterally

26
Q

Upper motor neurons originating in the contralateral and ipsilateral (blank) gyrus project (cortico- bulbar) to lower motor neurons controlling superior facial muscles.

A

cingulate

27
Q

Primary and premotor complex controls upper or lower face muscles?

A

lower

28
Q

Cingulate gyrus controls upper or lower face muscles?

A

upper

29
Q

Lesions in the right primary motor cortex will have what effects on facial expression? is this upper or lower motor neuron lesion?

A

Loss of LOWER muscles to LEFT face; UPPER lesion

30
Q

Lesions in the tract common to both the pimary cortex and cingulate gyrus will have what effects on facial expression? Why is it this way?

A

Upper motor neuron lesion; loss of CONTRALATERAL LOWER face. Upper face maintained by bilateral input from cingulate gyrus

31
Q

Lesions below the last synapse of either facial tract will lead to what change in facial expression

A

full loss on CONTRALATERAL side, both top and bottom

32
Q

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery will result in what facial deficits?

A

Weakness/paralysis in inferior facial muscles

33
Q

Ispilateral neurons of the (blank) gyrus maintain superior facial expression despite anterior cerebral artery occlusion

A

cingulate

34
Q

What are the three major upper motor neuron nuclei of the brainstem?

A

Vestibular, reticular formation, and superior colliculus

35
Q

What is the main input to the vestibular nuclei?

A

semicircular canals

36
Q

What is the output for the vestibular nucleus?

A

vestibulospinal tract

37
Q

where does the vestibulospinal tract go in the cord?

A

medial (and some lateral) regions, but mostly medial

38
Q

What is the function of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

posture and VOR

39
Q

what are the primary inputs from the reticular formation?

A

pimrary motor cortex via ventral CST and corticobulbar

40
Q

what is the primary output tract of the reticular formation?

A

reticulospinal

41
Q

where does the reticulospinal tract go?

A

medial spinal cord

42
Q

What is the function of the reticulospinal tract?

A

posture

43
Q

what are the primary inputs to the superior colliculus?

A

upper body proprioceptors, retina, auditory, olfaction, corticolbular form FEF

44
Q

where do the fibers from the superior colliculus go?

A

motor nuerons innervate neural ciricuts in the reticular formation that give rise to reticulospinal projections

45
Q

What is the function of the fibers leaving the superior colliculus?

A

axial muscles in the neck that oritentate the head, SACCADES

46
Q

What is considered the indirect action of upper motor neurons?

A

postrual adjustment following instability

47
Q

Direct pathways between UMN and LMNs go straight through the cord while indirect pathways synapse in the (blank)

A

brainstem (sup colliculus and reticular formation)

48
Q

What is the function of the lateral premotor cortex

A

sets the intent to make a movements, selects appropriate movements, and responds to external cues

49
Q

what is the function of the medial premotor cortex?

A

same as the lateral premotor cortex but for internally generated movements (because I want to vs my life is in danger)

50
Q

In an UMN syndrome, is the brainstem and spinal cord intact?

A

yes

51
Q

do local circuit neurons still recieve sensory input in UMN syndrome?

A

yes

52
Q

What is spinal shock of UMN syndrome?

A

contralateral flaccidity

LOSS of reflexes, but only while the shock is present

53
Q

What are the long lasting responses of UMN syndrome?

A 
Babinski sign
Spasticity
HYERREFLEXIA
weak superficial reflexes (cornea, cremasteric)
loss of fine movements
clonus
54
Q

What are the symptoms of LMN syndrome?

A 
Weakness/paralysis
DECREASED superficial and deep reflexes
decreased tone
FASCICULATIONS and fibrillations
MUSCLE ATROPHY

Block 5 Week 3 Dani (12 decks)

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