Motor Learning Stages Flashcards
Fitts and posners three stage model
Cognitive, associative and autonomous
Cognitive
Learners concerned with understanding the task
Developing strategies
Determining how to evaluate tasks
Experiments with strategies, variables, and improvements
Associative
Already have the best strategy
Begins to refine
Slow improvement
Autonomous
Automaticity of skill
Low attention
Can scan environment now
Or perform a secondary task
Bernsteins 3 stage approach
Novice
Advanced
Expert
Novice
Cost of efficiency and flexibility
Simplifies movement
Lower degrees of freedom
Constraining or a coupling joints
Advanced
Release higher degrees of freedom
Increased joint movement
More coordinated
Expert
Most efficient
Most coordinated
All degrees of freedom released
Advantage of mechanism
Gentiles 2 stage model
Initial stage
Later stage
-Fixation
-Diversification
Initial stage
Learn to distinguish between regulatory and non-regulatory factors of the environment
Develop understanding of task dynamic
Getting idea of the movement requirements
Get appropriate movement strategy
Understand environment
Later stage fixation
Closed environment
Refine
Minimal variation
Constant pattern
Later stage diversification
Open environment
Changing conditions
Movement diversification
Variability
Intrinsic feedback
Occurs via various sensory symptoms as a result of normal production of movement
Visual
Somatosensory limb position
Extrinsic feedback
Concurrent feedback
Terminal feedback
- Knowledge of results
- Knowledge of performance
Supplements, intrinsic feedback
Given by PTS
Feedback schedules
Continuous
Faded
Band with
Summary
Continuous feedback schedule
After every trial
For a new skill or cognitive stage learner
Faded Feedback schedule
You increase the frequency in early stages and decrease it in later stages of learning
Bandwith Feedback schedule
Only given, if error exceeds the threshold provided
Allows the learner to learn from small errors
Summary Feedback schedule
Only after a group of trials feedback is given
Massed versus distributed practice condition
Massed- I’m out of practice time is greater than the amount of rest
Distributed - when the amount of rest between trials is greater than the amount of time for a trial
Constant versus variable practice
Constant- conditions tasks that require minimal variation and will be performed in constant conditions
Variable - increases the ability to adapt in generalized learning I can vary parameters, such as the time velocity and environment
Random versus blocked practice
Random- learning several tasks in a random order best for learners in the associative or autonomic stages of learning
Blocked - practicing one task and then moving on the next task
