Motor Learning Stages

Question 1

Fitts and posners three stage model

Answer 1

Cognitive, associative and autonomous

Question 2

Cognitive

Answer 2

Learners concerned with understanding the task

Developing strategies

Determining how to evaluate tasks

Experiments with strategies, variables, and improvements

Question 3

Associative

Answer 3

Already have the best strategy

Begins to refine

Slow improvement

Question 4

Autonomous

Answer 4

Automaticity of skill
Low attention
Can scan environment now
Or perform a secondary task

Question 5

Bernsteins 3 stage approach

Answer 5

Novice
Advanced
Expert

Question 6

Novice

Answer 6

Cost of efficiency and flexibility

Simplifies movement

Lower degrees of freedom

Constraining or a coupling joints

Question 7

Advanced

Answer 7

Release higher degrees of freedom

Increased joint movement

More coordinated

Question 8

Expert

Answer 8

Most efficient
Most coordinated

All degrees of freedom released

Advantage of mechanism

Question 9

Gentiles 2 stage model

Answer 9

Initial stage

Later stage
-Fixation
-Diversification

Question 10

Initial stage

Answer 10

Learn to distinguish between regulatory and non-regulatory factors of the environment

Develop understanding of task dynamic

Getting idea of the movement requirements

Get appropriate movement strategy

Understand environment

Question 11

Later stage fixation

Answer 11

Closed environment
Refine
Minimal variation
Constant pattern

Question 12

Later stage diversification

Answer 12

Open environment
Changing conditions
Movement diversification
Variability

Question 13

Intrinsic feedback

Answer 13

Occurs via various sensory symptoms as a result of normal production of movement

Visual
Somatosensory limb position

Question 14

Extrinsic feedback

Answer 14

Concurrent feedback
Terminal feedback
- Knowledge of results
- Knowledge of performance

Supplements, intrinsic feedback

Given by PTS

Question 15

Feedback schedules

Answer 15

Continuous
Faded
Band with
Summary

Question 16

Continuous feedback schedule

Answer 16

After every trial

For a new skill or cognitive stage learner

Question 17

Faded Feedback schedule

Answer 17

You increase the frequency in early stages and decrease it in later stages of learning

Question 18

Bandwith Feedback schedule

Answer 18

Only given, if error exceeds the threshold provided

Allows the learner to learn from small errors

Question 19

Summary Feedback schedule

Answer 19

Only after a group of trials feedback is given

Question 20

Massed versus distributed practice condition

Answer 20

Massed- I’m out of practice time is greater than the amount of rest

Distributed - when the amount of rest between trials is greater than the amount of time for a trial

Question 21

Constant versus variable practice

Answer 21

Constant- conditions tasks that require minimal variation and will be performed in constant conditions

Variable - increases the ability to adapt in generalized learning I can vary parameters, such as the time velocity and environment

Question 22

Random versus blocked practice

Answer 22

Random- learning several tasks in a random order best for learners in the associative or autonomic stages of learning

Blocked - practicing one task and then moving on the next task