Motor Learning and Motor Control Flashcards
Define motor control
the ability to maintain a position, change position and movement
Define motor learning
Process that brings about a permanent change in motor performance as a result of practice or experience
How is motor control developed according to hierarchical model?
mobility–> stability–> controlled mobility–> skill
What is the time frame for motor control?
milliseconds
What is the time frame for motor learning?
hours, days, weeks
What is the time frame for motor development
months, years, decades
What is the hierarchical model?
- movement is controlled from the top down
- cortex is the top
- higher structures inhibit lower structures
- Two components from notes: Stages of motor control and development of Postural Control
What is they systems model?
-various brain and spinal centers work together to control posture and movement
What is the role of sensation in motor control?
- vital for movement
- stimulates a reflexive movements, early on known as reflexive motor response
- cues motor behavior in reflex dominated infants
- In adults: provides feedback accuracy for UE and LE movement
Describe motor control
- neurological and mechanical process
- process includes motor, cognitive, and perceptual development
- allows nervous system to solve a movement problem: what m’s to use, what order, and how quickly
What three things impact motor control?
- Environment
- Task
- Individual
What is a vital sensation?
- Weight bearing!
- Crucial for individuals interacting with objects within an environment
Describe reflexes in terms the hierarchical model?
-nervous system integrates reflexes, or less mature responses, into voluntary movement
According to hierarchical model, how does one develop postural control?
-nervous system maturation
What allows us to maintain postural control (hierarchical)?
-Righting reactions
-Equilibrium reactions
AKA Balance Reactions
What body parts are involved in righting and equilibrium reactions and what do they do?
- involve the head and trunk
- automatic response to movement of COG in relationship to BOS
Describe protective reactions
- Extremity movement
- Response with rapid displacement of COG
- individuals must be able to prop on extended arms to have protective reactions
Describe equilibrium reactions
- most advanced postural reaction
- last to develop
- incorporate head and trunk righting reactions
- occur when body moves relative to surface or surface moves relative to body (ex: tilt board)
At what anatomical level are balance reactions developed (hierarchical)?
Cortex- equilibrium
Righting reactions- midbrain
Postural Tonic Reflexes- Brain stem
Phasic primitive Reflexes- Spinal Cord
What are the components of the systems model?**
- limits of stability
- Environmental adaptation
- Musculoskeletal System
- Predictive Central Set
- Motor Coordination
- Eye-Head Stabilization
- Sensory organization
Describe the limit of stability
- boundaries of the BOS in any given posture
- greater BOS = greater boundaries for stability
- lesser BOS = decreased boundaries for stability
- cone of stability
Describe environmental adaptation
-posture adapts to the environment in which movement takes place
Describe eye-head stabilization
- visual system (eye) provides info about enviro during movement and gait
- Vestibular system coordinates with visual system so stable visual image of enviro sent to brain
Describe musculoskeletal system component
- works w/ neurological system to control posture and balance
- processes vital sensory info to allow correct postural and motor response: to plan and execute response
- provides mechanical structure for postural response and postural alignment
