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Neuro > Motor Learning and Motor Control > Flashcards

Motor Learning and Motor Control Flashcards

1
Q

Define motor control

A

the ability to maintain a position, change position and movement

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2
Q

Define motor learning

A

Process that brings about a permanent change in motor performance as a result of practice or experience

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3
Q

How is motor control developed according to hierarchical model?

A

mobility–> stability–> controlled mobility–> skill

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4
Q

What is the time frame for motor control?

A

milliseconds

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5
Q

What is the time frame for motor learning?

A

hours, days, weeks

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6
Q

What is the time frame for motor development

A

months, years, decades

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7
Q

What is the hierarchical model?

A
  • movement is controlled from the top down
  • cortex is the top
  • higher structures inhibit lower structures
  • Two components from notes: Stages of motor control and development of Postural Control
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8
Q

What is they systems model?

A

-various brain and spinal centers work together to control posture and movement

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9
Q

What is the role of sensation in motor control?

A
  • vital for movement
  • stimulates a reflexive movements, early on known as reflexive motor response
  • cues motor behavior in reflex dominated infants
  • In adults: provides feedback accuracy for UE and LE movement
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10
Q

Describe motor control

A
  • neurological and mechanical process
  • process includes motor, cognitive, and perceptual development
  • allows nervous system to solve a movement problem: what m’s to use, what order, and how quickly
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11
Q

What three things impact motor control?

A
  • Environment
  • Task
  • Individual
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12
Q

What is a vital sensation?

A
  • Weight bearing!

- Crucial for individuals interacting with objects within an environment

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13
Q

Describe reflexes in terms the hierarchical model?

A

-nervous system integrates reflexes, or less mature responses, into voluntary movement

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14
Q

According to hierarchical model, how does one develop postural control?

A

-nervous system maturation

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15
Q

What allows us to maintain postural control (hierarchical)?

A

-Righting reactions
-Equilibrium reactions
AKA Balance Reactions

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16
Q

What body parts are involved in righting and equilibrium reactions and what do they do?

A
  • involve the head and trunk

- automatic response to movement of COG in relationship to BOS

17
Q

Describe protective reactions

A
  • Extremity movement
  • Response with rapid displacement of COG
  • individuals must be able to prop on extended arms to have protective reactions
18
Q

Describe equilibrium reactions

A
  • most advanced postural reaction
  • last to develop
  • incorporate head and trunk righting reactions
  • occur when body moves relative to surface or surface moves relative to body (ex: tilt board)
19
Q

At what anatomical level are balance reactions developed (hierarchical)?

A

Cortex- equilibrium
Righting reactions- midbrain
Postural Tonic Reflexes- Brain stem
Phasic primitive Reflexes- Spinal Cord

20
Q

What are the components of the systems model?**

A
  1. limits of stability
  2. Environmental adaptation
  3. Musculoskeletal System
  4. Predictive Central Set
  5. Motor Coordination
  6. Eye-Head Stabilization
  7. Sensory organization
21
Q

Describe the limit of stability

A
  • boundaries of the BOS in any given posture
  • greater BOS = greater boundaries for stability
  • lesser BOS = decreased boundaries for stability
  • cone of stability
22
Q

Describe environmental adaptation

A

-posture adapts to the environment in which movement takes place

23
Q

Describe eye-head stabilization

A
  • visual system (eye) provides info about enviro during movement and gait
  • Vestibular system coordinates with visual system so stable visual image of enviro sent to brain
24
Q

Describe musculoskeletal system component

A
  • works w/ neurological system to control posture and balance
  • processes vital sensory info to allow correct postural and motor response: to plan and execute response
  • provides mechanical structure for postural response and postural alignment
25
Q

Describe predictive central set

A

AKA: postural readiness

  • sensation and cognition used as anticipatory cues prior to movement to establish postural readiness
  • must be present to support movement
26
Q

Describe motor coordination

A

ability to sequence m. response in timely fashion in response to displacement of COM withing BOS
-Ex: postural sway in standing

27
Q

Describe Sensory organization

A

3 systems for posture and balance and therefore motor control: vestibular, visual, and somatosensory

Neuro (11 decks)

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