Motor learning Flashcards
Learning
Process of acquiring knowledge about the world that leads to relatively permanent change in person’s capability to perform a
skilled action
Learning
Non-associative
a single repeated stimulus (habituation, sensitization)
Learning
Associative:
gaining understanding of relationship between 2 stimuli, casual relationships, or stimulus and consequence (classical conditioning, operant
conditioning)
Learning
Procedural:
learning tasks that can be performed without attention or concentration to task; task is learned by forming movement habits
(developing a habit through repetitive practice)
Learning
Declarative:
requires attention, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled (mental practice)
Motor Learning
- Ability to perform a movement as a result of internal processes that
interact with environment and produce a consistent strategy to
generate the correct movement - Acquisition of, or modification of movement
- Differentiates learning vs performance
- Provides guidelines for appropriate use of feedback
- Prioritizes impact of practice as relates to skill and movement
- Focuses on transfer of learning across tasks and environments of
practice
Three Stage Model of Motor Learning
Cognitive-initial stage
- High concentration of conscious processing of information
- Controlled environment, participation=ideal for learning
- Lots of errors, inconsistent performance, need reps, is lots of cognitive work
Three Stage Model of Motor Learning
Associative-intermediate stage
- Becoming more independent in determining correct/incorrect
- Able to link feedback to movement that was performed
- Increased coordination and skill refinement
- Decreased need for concentration and cognition about activity
- Decreased errors with new skill performance
Three Stage Model of Motor Learning
Autonomous-final stage
- Less need for cognitive control
- Can perform task in variable environment
- Automatic, internal feedback dominates
- Distraction does not have impact
- Automatic, mainly error-free regardless of environment
Feedback
- Important for progression of motor learning
- Intrinsic and extrinsic
- Allows for correction and adaptation within environment
- Reduction of extrinsic feedback to enhance learning
Feedback
Intrinsic (inherent)
- Feedback that comes through sensory systems as result of movement
- Includes visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, somatosensory inputs
Feedback
Extrinsic (augmented)
- Provided while task or movement is in progress or subsequent to movement
- Typically verbal feedback or manual contacts
Practice
- Repeated performance of activity to learn or perfect skill
- Allows for direct physical experience and kinesthetic stim to assist
with acquisition of skill
- Mental practice
cognitive rehearsal without physical movement
Types of Practice
Massed
practice time in a trial >amount of rest between trials
