Motor Development

Question 1

Reflexes

Answer 1

• the first motor skills
• innate, fixed pattern of action that occurs in response to specific stimulation

Question 2

newborn reflexes: palmar grasp/grasping

Answer 2

• disappears 3 - 4 months –> voluntary reaching occurs
• pressure of the palm –> really tight grip

Question 3

newborn reflex: stepping

Answer 3

• “disappears” around 2 months
• “reappears” at 12 months?

Question 4

reflexes are a sign of

Answer 4

healthy development

Question 5

Western motor milestones

Answer 5

1. lifts head
2. arms for support
3. reaching/grasping
4. sits without support
5. crawls
6. walks alone

Question 6

lifts head

Answer 6

• by 4 weeks
• see more at a different angle/learn about objects

Question 7

arms for support

Answer 7

• 2 - 4 months
• looking around even more

Question 8

reaching/grasping

Answer 8

• 3 - 4 months
• start to learn about object texture/details
• put objects in mouth to get more info

Question 9

sits without support

Answer 9

• 5 - 7 months
• bigger range; frees up both hands
• core strength

Question 10

crawls

Answer 10

• 5 - 11 months (7 is average)
• can explore more; spatial relationships
• sets up new relationship with adults

Question 11

walks alone

Answer 11

• 11 - 14 months

Question 12

Traditional View: Maturation/Genetic Maturation

Answer 12

based on observation of orderly progression of motor milestones in western culture

Question 14

Chipping away at traditional views, what hints that multiple factors are important in motor development

Answer 14

• stepping reflex
• culutural differences in motor development

Question 15

the stepping reflex

Answer 15

• put babies legs in water
• babies no longer showed stepping reflex on dry land, but showed that when you suspend then in water that relfex appears again
• rather than disappearance muscle weight unable to do it

Question 16

cultural influence on walking: american vs. other countries

Answer 16

• urban china, rural paragruay = babies carried around more –> sitting, crawling walking = later
• West africa, west indies = physical exercise with babies –> increase muscle strength and reach milestone soone

Question 17

Multiple, interacting systems contribute to motor development

Answer 17

• maturatio/CNS development
• environmental supports/effects
• movement possiblities of body (body proportions & building new skills on old)
• dynamic systems framework

Question 18

movement possibilities of body: body proportions

Answer 18

head gradually takes up less and less of body proportions

Question 19

self-locomotion

Answer 19

• when any of us move by ourselves
• teaches you about what is dangerous about the world

Question 20

visual cliff studies

Answer 20

• beginner crawlers = show less hesitation
• crawlers show more hesitation than non-crawlers at the same age
• non-crawlers with walker manipulation learned to hesistate