Genetic & Individual Differences

Question 1

Classic Twin Study

Answer 1

• twins reared together
• takes advantage that there are two types of twins (MZ and DZ)

Question 2

Correlation for MZ twins compared to DZ twins

Answer 2

MZ r > DZ r

Question 3

if MZr > DZr

Answer 3

heretibility (genetic basis)

Question 4

if MZr = DZr

Answer 4

no heritability

Question 5

If DZr > MZr

Answer 5

never should happen (error)

Question 6

heritability

Answer 6

• individual differences in that trait have some (non-zero) genetic basis
• proportion of variance that is due to genetic differences among those individuals

Question 7

heritability of IQ is 0.52

Answer 7

52% of individual differences in IQ in a population can be attributed to differences in genes (and 48% to differences in environment)

Question 8

heritability equation

Answer 8

h^2 = 2(MZr - DZr)

Question 9

Gene-Environment Interaction

Answer 9

• the effect of one variable depends on the level of the other variable
• intersection = interaction
• impact is moderated by which genotype we have

Question 10

Gene-Environment Correlations

Answer 10

• passive
• evocative
• active (“Niche-picking”)

Question 11

Passive

Answer 11

children receive SAME genes through biology and environment

Question 12

Evocative

Answer 12

• children’s genetic traits unintentially change environment
• the association between an individual’s genetically influenced behaviour and others’ reactions to that behaviour.

Question 13

active (“niche picking”)

Answer 13

children’s genetic traits intentionally change environment