Motor Control & Motor Learning

Question 1

Motor Control

Answer 1

ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

conscious effort to control and direct movements

directed at studying the nature of movement and how that movement is controlled

Question 2

Motor Control Stages

Answer 2

Mobility
Stability
Controlled Mobility
Skill

Question 3

Mobility

Answer 3

erratic movements of limb with no purpose

Question 4

Stability

Answer 4

able to assume positions of stability
ex. ability of child to do prone

Question 5

Controlled Mobility

Answer 5

can now weight shift and assume positions of instability without losing balance

Question 6

Skill

Answer 6

high level of motor control, very efficient, no errors

Question 7

Theories of Motor Control

Answer 7

Reflex Theory
Hierarchical Theory
Systems Theory
Ecological Theory
Motor Programming Theory

Question 8

Reflex Theory

Answer 8

stimulus in order to get a response
sensory input, motor output

unrealistic as movement is not just unidirectional

Question 9

Hierarchical Theory

Answer 9

top-down approach
brain controls the lower centers and movement
good model in explaining cases to pts

has limitations bc not all movements need thinking

Question 10

Systems Theory

Answer 10

considers not just the brain and nervous system but also other systems (msk)
appreciates that neurological conditions can also have presentations that are msk/orthopedic

disadvantage: does not completely consider the environment where the pt will move

Question 11

Ecological Theory

Answer 11

controlling our motion/movement given by the stimulus from our environment

Question 12

Motor Programming Theory

Answer 12

Stimulation Identification Stage
Response Selection Stage (motor plan)
Response Programming Stage (motor program)

Question 13

Individual Task Environment (ITE) Model

Answer 13

Individual, Task, Environment
Movement at the center

Movement: task-specific, constrained by the environment, and dependent on the capacity and skills of the individual

Question 14

Individual Component

Answer 14

Cognition: follow instructions
Action: strength and range of motion
Perception: can perceive things correctly

Question 15

Task Component

Answer 15

Manipulation: interplay of speed and accuracy
Stability: does movement have higher requirement for stability
Mobility: does movement have higher requirement for mobility

Question 16

Environment Component

Answer 16

Regulatory: capacity of the individual to move has to change depending on the environment (ex. wt, resistance, size, distance, color (therabands), shape, music for exercise (fast beats = exercise, slower music = relaxation)

Non-Regulatory: individual does not need to change movements (ex. colors, noise, music, radio)

Question 17

Motor Learning

Answer 17

study of the acquisition and/or modification of movement
composed of internal processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes

Question 18

Motor Control

Answer 18

control and organization of processes underlying motor behavior

milliseconds

Question 19

Motor Learning

Answer 19

acquisition of skill through practice and experience

hours, days, weeks

Question 20

Motor Development

Answer 20

age-related processes of change in motor behavior; milestones in children

months, years, decades

Question 21

Motor Performance

Answer 21

change in behavior is only temporary or short-lived

ex. contest, olympics

Question 22

Recovery of Function

Answer 22

reacquisition of movement skills that were lost following a pathology

Question 23

Retention

Answer 23

ability of the individual to demonstrate the learned skill over time and after a period of no practice

dati mong alam na skill, until now alam mo pa rin

Question 24

Generalizability

Answer 24

ability to apply a learned skill to the learning of a similar skill

Question 25

Resistance to Contextual Change

Answer 25

capability to perform a learned skill in altered environmental situations

Question 26

Implicit Learning

Answer 26

reflexive, automatic, habitual

non-associative learning
associative learning
procedural learning

no formal education/coach wtvr pero u learned it

Question 27

Explicit Learning

Answer 27

awareness, attention, reflection

u had formal education/teacher/coach that taught u a step by step process on how

Question 28

Neuroplasticity

Answer 28

aka neural adaptation

about driving changes in the structure and function of the nervous system with repeated and attended practice

Question 29

Neuroplasticity Concepts

Answer 29

Use it or Lose it; Use it & Improve on it
Be specific, repetitive, and intensive
Age matters
Patient expectation matters
Rewards and feedback matter

Question 30

Stages of Motor Learning: Fitts and Posner

Answer 30

Cognitive: ano gagawin
Associative: pano ko gagawin
Autonomous: pano ako gagaling

Question 31

Stages of Motor Learning: Systems

Answer 31

Novice
Advanced
Expert

Question 32

Stages of Motor Learning: Gentile

Answer 32

Getting the idea of the movement
Movement fixation/diversification

Question 33

Optimizing Skill Acquisition

Answer 33

practice makes perfect
feedback is good
function-induced recovery–

Question 34

Intrinsic Feedback

Answer 34

from the pt

Question 35

Extrinsic Feedback

Answer 35

Knowledge of Results (KR): feedback after the performance of the task

Knowledge of Performance (KP): feedback during the performance of the action