Motor Control & Motor Learning Flashcards
Motor Control
ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
conscious effort to control and direct movements
directed at studying the nature of movement and how that movement is controlled
Motor Control Stages
Mobility
Stability
Controlled Mobility
Skill
Mobility
erratic movements of limb with no purpose
Stability
able to assume positions of stability
ex. ability of child to do prone
Controlled Mobility
can now weight shift and assume positions of instability without losing balance
Skill
high level of motor control, very efficient, no errors
Theories of Motor Control
Reflex Theory
Hierarchical Theory
Systems Theory
Ecological Theory
Motor Programming Theory
Reflex Theory
stimulus in order to get a response
sensory input, motor output
unrealistic as movement is not just unidirectional
Hierarchical Theory
top-down approach
brain controls the lower centers and movement
good model in explaining cases to pts
has limitations bc not all movements need thinking
Systems Theory
considers not just the brain and nervous system but also other systems (msk)
appreciates that neurological conditions can also have presentations that are msk/orthopedic
disadvantage: does not completely consider the environment where the pt will move
Ecological Theory
controlling our motion/movement given by the stimulus from our environment
Motor Programming Theory
Stimulation Identification Stage
Response Selection Stage (motor plan)
Response Programming Stage (motor program)
Individual Task Environment (ITE) Model
Individual, Task, Environment
Movement at the center
Movement: task-specific, constrained by the environment, and dependent on the capacity and skills of the individual
Individual Component
Cognition: follow instructions
Action: strength and range of motion
Perception: can perceive things correctly
Task Component
Manipulation: interplay of speed and accuracy
Stability: does movement have higher requirement for stability
Mobility: does movement have higher requirement for mobility
Environment Component
Regulatory: capacity of the individual to move has to change depending on the environment (ex. wt, resistance, size, distance, color (therabands), shape, music for exercise (fast beats = exercise, slower music = relaxation)
Non-Regulatory: individual does not need to change movements (ex. colors, noise, music, radio)
Motor Learning
study of the acquisition and/or modification of movement
composed of internal processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes
Motor Control
control and organization of processes underlying motor behavior
milliseconds
Motor Learning
acquisition of skill through practice and experience
hours, days, weeks
Motor Development
age-related processes of change in motor behavior; milestones in children
months, years, decades
Motor Performance
change in behavior is only temporary or short-lived
ex. contest, olympics
Recovery of Function
reacquisition of movement skills that were lost following a pathology
Retention
ability of the individual to demonstrate the learned skill over time and after a period of no practice
dati mong alam na skill, until now alam mo pa rin
Generalizability
ability to apply a learned skill to the learning of a similar skill
Resistance to Contextual Change
capability to perform a learned skill in altered environmental situations
Implicit Learning
reflexive, automatic, habitual
non-associative learning
associative learning
procedural learning
no formal education/coach wtvr pero u learned it
Explicit Learning
awareness, attention, reflection
u had formal education/teacher/coach that taught u a step by step process on how
Neuroplasticity
aka neural adaptation
about driving changes in the structure and function of the nervous system with repeated and attended practice
Neuroplasticity Concepts
Use it or Lose it; Use it & Improve on it
Be specific, repetitive, and intensive
Age matters
Patient expectation matters
Rewards and feedback matter
Stages of Motor Learning: Fitts and Posner
Cognitive: ano gagawin
Associative: pano ko gagawin
Autonomous: pano ako gagaling
Stages of Motor Learning: Systems
Novice
Advanced
Expert
Stages of Motor Learning: Gentile
Getting the idea of the movement
Movement fixation/diversification
Optimizing Skill Acquisition
practice makes perfect
feedback is good
function-induced recovery–
Intrinsic Feedback
from the pt
Extrinsic Feedback
Knowledge of Results (KR): feedback after the performance of the task
Knowledge of Performance (KP): feedback during the performance of the action
