Cognitive Dysfunctions Flashcards

1
Q

what is cognition

A

process of knowing, awareness, reasoning, judgement, intuition and memory

involved in perceiving information

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2
Q

what is perceiving/perception

A

we feel emotions/emotions then isolate to make sense of them

select stimuli and integrate them to interpret

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3
Q

components of cognition

A

executive functions

attention

memory

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4
Q

discuss executive functions

A

planning, problem solving, recognizing errors and abstract thinking

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5
Q

discuss attention

A

ability to select and attend to stimulus while suppressing extraneous stimuli

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6
Q

discuss memory

A

allows individual to store experiences and perception to recall at a later time

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7
Q

what makes cognitive rehabilitation unique

A

allows pt to recover from functional disability cause by cognitive disease

adapt environment and using alternative strategies

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8
Q

what is the role of PTs in cognitive rehab

A

dapat alam mo what the usual cognitive impairments are in stroke, TBI

for you to know how you will approach exam and treatment

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9
Q

what to watch out for in pt’s with cognitive impairments

A

inability to do simple tasks

diff in initiating or completing a task

diff switching tasks

diminished capacity to locate objects

unable to follow one-step commands ket good cognitions - aphasia

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10
Q

what are the approaches to cognitive rehab

A

remedial approach - gusto ma improve through practice and repetition and improving cognition

compensatory approach - top-down; improve tasks over the cognitive impairment

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11
Q

strategies in remediation approach

A

matching - match red cones with each other

sorting - put together red and blue cones

recognising - pick out red cones from other color

identifying - where is the red cone

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12
Q

strategies for addressing memory

A

chunk items together

mnemonics

ask questions

memory aids - calendars, alarm clock

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13
Q

strategies for addressing selective attention

A

remove irrelevant stimuli - walk in // s obstacles

enhance and intensify important info - bold letters, highlighting

address internal distractions- anxiety etc; relaxation

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14
Q

strategies for addressing divided attention

A

separate tasks - one at a time

work towards making one or more tasks automatic - bit by bit

practice doing tasks together - walk while conversing

common in PD

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15
Q

strategies for addressing sustained attention

A

slow down rate of giving info

make stim easy to detect

sched diff task when well rested and preferred time of day

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16
Q

strategies for addressing problem solving

A

practice prob solving - allow trial and error tas correct nila sarili nila

prevent or eliminate common probs in specific tasks

17
Q

strategies for addressing decision making

A

limit number of options

step back and think through important decisions

ask others for input

teach indiv about potential biases

18
Q

strategies for addressing metacognition

A

teach pt to ask self before doing tasks

evaluate own performance

reflection in action

19
Q

strategies for addressing automatic processing

A

target tasks that have potential to be automatic

simplify tasks tas consistent reps

20
Q

strategies for addressing schemas and scripts

A

schemas and scripts - concepts in our mind

write out or use pics to shows steps of task

order obj in sequence of task

repeatedly practice the sequence

21
Q

strategies in compensatory approach

A

labels

beepers

signs

symbols

alarms

22
Q

allen’s cognitive level 1: automatic actions

A

able to perform only very basic - eating and drinking

response is instinctive

23
Q

allen’s cognitive level 1 tx

A

one word commands and sensory stim

cue: subliminal
motor actions: auto/reflex
purpose: arousal
experience: indistinct
attention span: seconds
activities: sensory stim

24
Q

allen’s cognitive level 2: postural actions

A

like RLA 3-4 - RLA 4 talaga kase awake and agit

aware of movements of muscle and joints
watches movement of others
may be resistive or easily agit

25
allen's cognitive level 2: postural actions tx
gross motor c simple verbal directions cue: proprio; AROM, AAROM motor action: postural purpose: comfort experience: moving attention span: minutes activities: gross motor
26
alllen's cognitive level 3: manual actions
robotic; one step at a time can focus on external environment - easily distracted purposeful actions - RLA 5-6 ableto attend environment esp tactile cues pero easily distracted
27
alllen's cognitive level 3: manual actions tx
repetitive practice manip objects can provide sense of routine maybe wala carry-over cue: tactile motor action: manual purpose: interest experience: touching attention span: half-hours activities: simple repetitive tasks
28
alllen's cognitive level 4: goal-directed actions
di na robotic more of goals na can respond to visual motor cues pero one at a time lang more goal-oriented
29
alllen's cognitive level 4: goal-directed actions tx
visual demo one step at a time situation-specific training cue: visual motor action: goal-directed purpose: compliance experience: seeing attention span: hours activities: simple several step tasks
30
alllen's cognitive level 5: exploratory actions
trial and error and prob solving less robotic visual instructions can remember but hirap sa abstract
31
alllen's cognitive level 5: exploratory actions tx
visual and verbal exp na concrete assist c planning ahead select or mod tasks to reduce prob solving cue: relate/all senses motor action: exploratory purpose: self-control experience: inductive reasoning attention span: weeks activities: concrete tasks
32
alllen's cognitive level 6: planned actions
can make sense of symbols and abstract plans ahead error and prob solv pauses to think
33
alllen's cognitive level 6: planned actions tx
verbal and written instructions has carry-over cue: symbolic motor action: planned purpose: reflection/metacognition experience: deductive reasoning attention span: complete activities: conceptual and complex tasks
34
what is the last step in cognitive rehab
establish behavioral routines and habit sequences
35
significance of establish behavioral routines and habit sequences
checklist para guided sila sa gagawin nila