Cognitive Dysfunctions Flashcards
what is cognition
process of knowing, awareness, reasoning, judgement, intuition and memory
involved in perceiving information
what is perceiving/perception
we feel emotions/emotions then isolate to make sense of them
select stimuli and integrate them to interpret
components of cognition
executive functions
attention
memory
discuss executive functions
planning, problem solving, recognizing errors and abstract thinking
discuss attention
ability to select and attend to stimulus while suppressing extraneous stimuli
discuss memory
allows individual to store experiences and perception to recall at a later time
what makes cognitive rehabilitation unique
allows pt to recover from functional disability cause by cognitive disease
adapt environment and using alternative strategies
what is the role of PTs in cognitive rehab
dapat alam mo what the usual cognitive impairments are in stroke, TBI
for you to know how you will approach exam and treatment
what to watch out for in pt’s with cognitive impairments
inability to do simple tasks
diff in initiating or completing a task
diff switching tasks
diminished capacity to locate objects
unable to follow one-step commands ket good cognitions - aphasia
what are the approaches to cognitive rehab
remedial approach - gusto ma improve through practice and repetition and improving cognition
compensatory approach - top-down; improve tasks over the cognitive impairment
strategies in remediation approach
matching - match red cones with each other
sorting - put together red and blue cones
recognising - pick out red cones from other color
identifying - where is the red cone
strategies for addressing memory
chunk items together
mnemonics
ask questions
memory aids - calendars, alarm clock
strategies for addressing selective attention
remove irrelevant stimuli - walk in // s obstacles
enhance and intensify important info - bold letters, highlighting
address internal distractions- anxiety etc; relaxation
strategies for addressing divided attention
separate tasks - one at a time
work towards making one or more tasks automatic - bit by bit
practice doing tasks together - walk while conversing
common in PD
strategies for addressing sustained attention
slow down rate of giving info
make stim easy to detect
sched diff task when well rested and preferred time of day
strategies for addressing problem solving
practice prob solving - allow trial and error tas correct nila sarili nila
prevent or eliminate common probs in specific tasks
strategies for addressing decision making
limit number of options
step back and think through important decisions
ask others for input
teach indiv about potential biases
strategies for addressing metacognition
teach pt to ask self before doing tasks
evaluate own performance
reflection in action
strategies for addressing automatic processing
target tasks that have potential to be automatic
simplify tasks tas consistent reps
strategies for addressing schemas and scripts
schemas and scripts - concepts in our mind
write out or use pics to shows steps of task
order obj in sequence of task
repeatedly practice the sequence
strategies in compensatory approach
labels
beepers
signs
symbols
alarms
allen’s cognitive level 1: automatic actions
able to perform only very basic - eating and drinking
response is instinctive
allen’s cognitive level 1 tx
one word commands and sensory stim
cue: subliminal
motor actions: auto/reflex
purpose: arousal
experience: indistinct
attention span: seconds
activities: sensory stim
allen’s cognitive level 2: postural actions
like RLA 3-4 - RLA 4 talaga kase awake and agit
aware of movements of muscle and joints
watches movement of others
may be resistive or easily agit
allen’s cognitive level 2: postural actions tx
gross motor c simple verbal directions
cue: proprio; AROM, AAROM
motor action: postural
purpose: comfort
experience: moving
attention span: minutes
activities: gross motor
alllen’s cognitive level 3: manual actions
robotic; one step at a time
can focus on external environment - easily distracted
purposeful actions - RLA 5-6
ableto attend environment esp tactile cues pero easily distracted
alllen’s cognitive level 3: manual actions tx
repetitive practice
manip objects
can provide sense of routine
maybe wala carry-over
cue: tactile
motor action: manual
purpose: interest
experience: touching
attention span: half-hours
activities: simple repetitive tasks
alllen’s cognitive level 4: goal-directed actions
di na robotic more of goals na
can respond to visual motor cues pero one at a time lang
more goal-oriented
alllen’s cognitive level 4: goal-directed actions tx
visual demo
one step at a time
situation-specific training
cue: visual
motor action: goal-directed
purpose: compliance
experience: seeing
attention span: hours
activities: simple several step tasks
alllen’s cognitive level 5: exploratory actions
trial and error and prob solving
less robotic
visual instructions
can remember but hirap sa abstract
alllen’s cognitive level 5: exploratory actions tx
visual and verbal exp na concrete
assist c planning ahead
select or mod tasks to reduce prob solving
cue: relate/all senses
motor action: exploratory
purpose: self-control
experience: inductive reasoning
attention span: weeks
activities: concrete tasks
alllen’s cognitive level 6: planned actions
can make sense of symbols and abstract
plans ahead
error and prob solv
pauses to think
alllen’s cognitive level 6: planned actions tx
verbal and written instructions
has carry-over
cue: symbolic
motor action: planned
purpose: reflection/metacognition
experience: deductive reasoning
attention span: complete
activities: conceptual and complex tasks
what is the last step in cognitive rehab
establish behavioral routines and habit sequences
significance of establish behavioral routines and habit sequences
checklist para guided sila sa gagawin nila
