motor control and learning

Question 1

Motor control + motor learning + motor development =

Answer 1

functional movement (motor skill)

Question 2

Motor control

example

time needed

Answer 2

something you know how to do because you have done it before it does not require thought

plugging in a computer

milliseconds

Question 2

Motor learning

example

time needed

Answer 2

something you do not know how to do that you will learn through practice

juggling

hours, days, weeks

Question 2

Motor development

time needed

Answer 2

changes development in movement over time

months, decades, years

Question 3

Functional movement

Answer 3

things done everyday without thought to achieve a specific purpose or goal

Question 4

Functional movement is based on 3 things

Answer 4

individual, task, environment

Question 5

3 elements of the task

3 elements of individual

2 elements of environment

Answer 5

mobility, stability, manipulation

cognition, action, perception

regulatory, non-regulatory

Question 6

The 3 elements of the individual are…..
they must be

Answer 6

neurological structures and properties
in tact / on task to complete and make adjustments

Question 7

Motor control from a neurological perspective is defined as

Answer 7

The process by which the CNS receives, integrates, assimilates sensory info with past experiences for planning and executing appropriate motor and postural responses

Question 7

Movement is organized around the individuals ability to

Answer 7

meet both task and environmental demands

Question 8

When walking and talking which one is automatic

Answer 8

walking

Question 9

The motor systems generate 3 types of movements

Answer 9

reflexes, rhythmic motor patterns, voluntary movements

Question 10

Rhythmic motor patterns combine features of …

once voluntarily initiated they can become _____

Answer 10

voluntary and reflex control

automatic

Question 10

Reflexes are the _____ motor control

least affected by

Answer 10

simplest, least affected by voluntary control

Question 11

Voluntary movements are _____ and _____

They are learning and require ….

example

Answer 11

purposeful and goal oriented

progressively less conscious control

an assembly line

Question 12

Motor control levels

Answer 12

cortex, brain stem, spinal cord

Question 13

The protective reflex

Answer 13

withdrawal reflex

Question 14

Function of vestibulospinal tract

Answer 14

influence muscle tone, reflexive postural adjustments of head and body

Question 14

Examples of the spinal cord motor level of control

Answer 14

withdrawal reflex, crossed extensor reflex, CPGs

Question 15

The primary responsibility of the ……. is to control the voluntary movement of contralateral limbs

this is _____ control

Answer 15

lateral corticospinal tract

brainstem

Question 16

Initiates adjustments that stabilize posture during ongoing movement

Answer 16

reticulospinal tract

Question 17

Tectospinal tract function

Answer 17

visual tracking and orientation of head during movement

Question 18

Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and tectospinal fascilitate

Answer 18

extension > flexion

Question 19

Regulates movement and posture by facilitating stability in some areas and allowing refined mobility in other areas to produce functional movement

Answer 19

Basal ganglia

Question 20

Rubrospinal tract function

what does it facilitate

Answer 20

control of distal limb musculature in the performance of well learned movements

UE flexion > extension

Question 21

Corticol level of control

Answer 21

lateral and medial corticospinal tract

Question 22

The cerebellum regulates movement and ….

Answer 22

posture by adjusting the output of the upper motor neurons in the brainstem and cerebral cortex

Question 23

______ and ______ do not communicate to the lower motor neuron

Answer 23

basal ganglia and cerebellum

Question 24

Concept of the reflex model

implication

Answer 24

normal movement is a chain of reflexes

movement is externally driven

Question 25

Concept of hierarchal model

implication

Answer 25

all abnormal movement is due to cortical lesions

recovery of movement can not occur until the cortex recovers

Question 26

Systems theory concept is

movement is organized by ….

the body has unlimited ……. to solve the movement problems of daily life

Answer 26

the body has an infinite number of tasks to perform, movement is the process of solving task problems

the goal or the end point of the task

degrees of freedom

Question 27

-Systems theory concept-

the body solves problems by using movements composed of _______ _______ for …

Answer 27

coordinative structures for muscle activation

Question 28

Control is not always or usually

Answer 28

cortical

Question 29

Allow the patient to self organize the movement rather than

focus on

Answer 29

telling them how to do it or giving them the best way

internal feedback