Gentile's Taxonomy Flashcards
Three memory systems serve distinct types of information
examples
Emotional - remembering feeling elated
Declarative - recalling what happened yesterday
Procedural - knowing how to ride a bike
Amygdala emotions
fear, uncertainty
Declarative memory involves
facts, events, concepts, location
Short term memory comes from
Long term
hippocampus
cerebral cortex
Motor learning is from which type of memory
procedural
Procedural memory involves
This comes from the
skilled movement habits
frontal cortex, thalamus, BG
Associative stage of learning components
-movement refined, decrease in mm activation
-decrease in need for attention
Motor control involves what 3 things
task, individual, env
3 stages of the learner
cognitive (the beginner)
associative
automatic/autonomous
Cognitive stage of learning components
-trying to understand the task and how it works
-excess mm activation
-observation and feedback (external and internal)
Automatic/Autonomous stage of learning components
-development of skill
-minimal attention required
-can dual task (walk and talk)
Biomechanical regulatory conditions
ROM, strength
Conditions which must occur for a task to be successful
what are they
regulatory conditions
biomechanical
neurological
psychological
env
task
Neurological regulatory conditions
Information processing needs of the task ; prediction (ex. where to run, not to run into anything), dual tasking
Psychological regulatory conditions
readiness, mood, motivation, attention
-Internal processing of the individual- (5)
use of _____ and ____ feedback
regeneration of ___
other 3?
extrinsic and intrinsic
motor solution
anticipation and react
generalize to different contexts
solve movement problems
- motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -
blocked vs random
B: exact same thing in the same way every time
R: sequence is random
- motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -
part / whole practice example
one cycle of gait vs entire gait cycle
- motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -
open vs closed
O: multiple ways to do it
C: only one way to do it
Which is typically better random or blocked practice?
Random, shows better retention
- motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -
discrete vs continuous example
D: stepping up and down a step
C: riding bike (no good place to start or stop)
Whole vs part learning compare contrast
W: good for simple task, gives learner experience of how skill feels, used to identify technical faults in overall skill
P: good for complex skill, broken down into manageable parts, used to correct technical fault in technique
- motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -
environment- stationary vs moving example
Stationary
Moving: standing on a bus, people moving around in a room
Regularoty conditions are necessary for PT bc
necessary for PT to know to be able to structure practice, can increase or decrease difficulty of task in exercise program
Classification of motor skills (3)
-size of required musculature
-specificity of where actions begin and end
-stability of env context
- specificity of where actions begin and end -
-arbitrary begin or end
-discrete
-continuous series of discrete
- steering a car, walking, swimming
- turn on a light, hand to mouth, sit to stand
- typing sentence, dimming light, eating
- Size of required musculature -
-gross motor skills require large mm
-small
-large and small
-walking hopping jumping
-texting writing buttoning
- pitching ball shooting arrow
- stability of env context (supporting surface, objects, other people) -
-open motor skill (moving)
-closed motor skills (stationary)
- driving, catching a thrown ball, walking on a crowded sidewalk
- picking up a cup, writing, shooting a free throw
- stability of env context (supporting surface, objects, other people) -
Externally paced
Internally paced
Unpredictable
Predictable
moving
stationary
high monitoring (constant)
low to no monitoring (variable)
Influences on motor learning for the individual
env
skill/task
stage of learner, internal processing
stationary or moving, open or closed
open or closed, discrete or continuous
Purpose of Gentile’s Taxonomy
-captures complexity of motor skills
-considers environmental context and function of the action/task/skill
A classification system organized according to relationships among the component characteristic of the group of items being classified
Taxonomy
Body stable
Body transport
-no movement
-body is moving in relationship to the env
First dimension of G TAX
ENV
Second dimension of G TAX
ACTION/TASK/SKILL
