Gentile's Taxonomy

Question 1

Three memory systems serve distinct types of information

examples

Answer 1

Emotional - remembering feeling elated
Declarative - recalling what happened yesterday
Procedural - knowing how to ride a bike

Question 2

Amygdala emotions

Answer 2

fear, uncertainty

Question 3

Declarative memory involves

Answer 3

facts, events, concepts, location

Question 4

Short term memory comes from
Long term

Answer 4

hippocampus
cerebral cortex

Question 5

Motor learning is from which type of memory

Answer 5

procedural

Question 6

Procedural memory involves

This comes from the

Answer 6

skilled movement habits

frontal cortex, thalamus, BG

Question 7

Associative stage of learning components

Answer 7

-movement refined, decrease in mm activation
-decrease in need for attention

Question 7

Motor control involves what 3 things

Answer 7

task, individual, env

Question 8

3 stages of the learner

Answer 8

cognitive (the beginner)
associative
automatic/autonomous

Question 9

Cognitive stage of learning components

Answer 9

-trying to understand the task and how it works
-excess mm activation
-observation and feedback (external and internal)

Question 10

Automatic/Autonomous stage of learning components

Answer 10

-development of skill
-minimal attention required
-can dual task (walk and talk)

Question 11

Biomechanical regulatory conditions

Answer 11

ROM, strength

Question 11

Conditions which must occur for a task to be successful

what are they

Answer 11

regulatory conditions

biomechanical
neurological
psychological
env
task

Question 12

Neurological regulatory conditions

Answer 12

Information processing needs of the task ; prediction (ex. where to run, not to run into anything), dual tasking

Question 13

Psychological regulatory conditions

Answer 13

readiness, mood, motivation, attention

Question 14

-Internal processing of the individual- (5)

use of _____ and ____ feedback
regeneration of ___
other 3?

Answer 14

extrinsic and intrinsic
motor solution
anticipation and react
generalize to different contexts
solve movement problems

Question 15

• motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -

blocked vs random

Answer 15

B: exact same thing in the same way every time
R: sequence is random

Question 16

• motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -

part / whole practice example

Answer 16

one cycle of gait vs entire gait cycle

Question 17

• motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -

open vs closed

Answer 17

O: multiple ways to do it
C: only one way to do it

Question 18

Which is typically better random or blocked practice?

Answer 18

Random, shows better retention

Question 18

• motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -

discrete vs continuous example

Answer 18

D: stepping up and down a step
C: riding bike (no good place to start or stop)

Question 19

Whole vs part learning compare contrast

Answer 19

W: good for simple task, gives learner experience of how skill feels, used to identify technical faults in overall skill
P: good for complex skill, broken down into manageable parts, used to correct technical fault in technique

Question 20

• motor learning, ways to accomplish a task -

environment- stationary vs moving example

Answer 20

Stationary
Moving: standing on a bus, people moving around in a room

Question 21

Regularoty conditions are necessary for PT bc

Answer 21

necessary for PT to know to be able to structure practice, can increase or decrease difficulty of task in exercise program

Question 22

Classification of motor skills (3)

Answer 22

-size of required musculature
-specificity of where actions begin and end
-stability of env context

Question 23

• specificity of where actions begin and end -

-arbitrary begin or end
-discrete
-continuous series of discrete

Answer 23

• steering a car, walking, swimming
• turn on a light, hand to mouth, sit to stand
• typing sentence, dimming light, eating

Question 23

• Size of required musculature -

-gross motor skills require large mm
-small
-large and small

Answer 23

-walking hopping jumping
-texting writing buttoning
- pitching ball shooting arrow

Question 24

• stability of env context (supporting surface, objects, other people) -

-open motor skill (moving)
-closed motor skills (stationary)

Answer 24

• driving, catching a thrown ball, walking on a crowded sidewalk
• picking up a cup, writing, shooting a free throw

Question 25

• stability of env context (supporting surface, objects, other people) -

Externally paced
Internally paced

Unpredictable
Predictable

Answer 25

moving
stationary

high monitoring (constant)
low to no monitoring (variable)

Question 26

Influences on motor learning for the individual

env

skill/task

Answer 26

stage of learner, internal processing

stationary or moving, open or closed

open or closed, discrete or continuous

Question 27

Purpose of Gentile’s Taxonomy

Answer 27

-captures complexity of motor skills
-considers environmental context and function of the action/task/skill

Question 28

A classification system organized according to relationships among the component characteristic of the group of items being classified

Answer 28

Taxonomy

Question 29

Body stable
Body transport

Answer 29

-no movement
-body is moving in relationship to the env

Question 30

First dimension of G TAX

Answer 30

ENV

Question 31

Second dimension of G TAX

Answer 31

ACTION/TASK/SKILL