Embryology

Question 1

Embryology

Answer 1

study of embryos - prenatal development of embryos and fetuses

Question 2

Field of embryology concerned with the changes that cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole undergo from a germ cell of each parent to a resulting adult

Answer 2

Developmental anatomy

Question 3

Any cell that the body needs (a fertilized oocyte - zygote)

Answer 3

totipotent

Question 4

Investigation of children with birth defects

Answer 4

Teratology

Question 5

The totipotent cell has to pass through the stages of - 6

Answer 5

cell division, cell migration, programmed cell death, differentiation, growth, cell rearrangement

Question 6

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

It occurs ____ times

Answer 6

Cellular differentiation

numerous

Question 7

A cell that is able to differentiate into all cell types including the placental tissue

In mammals only the ___ and ___ are _________

Answer 7

Totipotent

zygote and subsequent blastomeres

Question 8

Cell ____ refers to its ability to differentiate

Answer 8

potency

Question 9

A stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any feral or adult cell type

I.E into any 3 germ layers:

Answer 9

Pluripotent

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

Question 10

Pluripotent progenitor cells have the potential to

Answer 10

give rise to cells from multiple but limited number of lineages for example hematopoietic cells

Question 11

Hematopoietic cells

Answer 11

a blood stem cell that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain cells or other types of cells

Question 12

A cell that has the capacity to differentiate into only one cell lineage

Answer 12

precursor or progenitor cell

Question 13

Apoptosis

Answer 13

Programmed cell death, a normal componenet of the development of multicellular organisms

Question 13

Ovum

Sperm

Answer 13

Egg

Seed

Question 14

Cells die in response to

During apoptosis they do so in a _____ fashion

Answer 14

a variety of stimuli

controlled, regulated

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

cell that results from the union of oocyte and sperm during fertilization

Question 16

The developing human in its early stages of development (3-8 week)

Answer 16

Embryo

Question 17

Conceptus

Answer 17

embryo and its adnexa (all structures that develop the zygote)

Question 18

Fetus

Answer 18

The developing human after the embryonic period (9th week - birth)

Question 19

The first discerning indication of organ or structure

Answer 19

primordium, anlage, rudiment

Question 20

Length of pregnancy

Answer 20

280 (266) days, 40 (38) weeks after the onset of the last menstruation

Question 21

Preembryonic period
embryonic period
fetal period

Answer 21

before 2 weeks
3-8 weeks
after 9 weeks

Question 22

the process of formation of the male and female gametes that occurs in the gonads (ovary or testis)

Answer 22

gametogenesis

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Question 24

4 steps of fertilization

Answer 24

contact, sperm entry, egg activation, fusion

Question 25

Sperm reach the ___ where fertilization will occur

Answer 25

oviduct

Question 26

Fertilization must occur within

Answer 26

24 hrs

Question 27

Only __ sperm is allowed to enter because ...

Answer 27

1 fast block and slow block

Question 28

Cleavage

Answer 28

a series of rapid mitotic divisions without cell growth

Question 29

Late 60 cell morula enters uterus, taking up fluid becoming a

Answer 29

blastocyte

Question 30

Blastomeres how many

Answer 30

daughter cells 32

Question 31

Layer of cells surrounding the cavity which helps from the placenta

Answer 31

trophoblast

Question 32

High risk pregnancy

Answer 32

monochoronic - umbilicall cord harmful or one twin harms the other

Question 32

Implantation occurs during occurs where

Answer 32

weeks 1 and 2 endometrium of uterine wall

Question 33

Most common type of twins

Answer 33

dizygotic - 2 eggs instead of 1 this is the safest type

Question 34

1 egg splints into 2

Answer 34

monozygotic

Question 35

Invagination of epiblastic cells

Answer 35

gastrulation

Question 36

Days 14-15 they (epiblast) replace hypoblast becomoming Day 16: a new third layer is formed in between Epiblast cells remaining on surface

Answer 36

endoderm mesoderm ectoderm

Question 37

Formed from migrating cells that replace the hypoblast

Answer 37

endoderm

Question 38

formed between epiblast and endoderm (divide and spread)

Answer 38

mesoderm

Question 39

formed from epiblast cell that stays on dorsal surface

Answer 39

ectoderm

Question 40

They lie outside of the embryo and provide protection and nourishment

Answer 40

extra embryonic membranes

Question 41

The body takes shape at

Answer 41

week 4

Question 42

What does the ectoderm form endoderm mesoderm

Answer 42

brain, spinal cord, and epidermis inner epithelial lining, respiratory tubes, digestive organs, urinary bladder muscles, bone, dermis, connective tissues

Question 43

A birth that occurs before 38 weeks

Answer 43

premature

Question 44

Heart starts pumping at

Answer 44

29 days, about 4 week or 1 month, 1/2 cm in size

Question 45

What forms in the second month

Answer 45

skeleton formation, looks like human, all major organs are in place