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Lifespan > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Embryology

A

study of embryos - prenatal development of embryos and fetuses

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2
Q

Field of embryology concerned with the changes that cells, tissues, organs, and the body as a whole undergo from a germ cell of each parent to a resulting adult

A

Developmental anatomy

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3
Q

Any cell that the body needs (a fertilized oocyte - zygote)

A

totipotent

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4
Q

Investigation of children with birth defects

A

Teratology

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5
Q

The totipotent cell has to pass through the stages of - 6

A

cell division, cell migration, programmed cell death, differentiation, growth, cell rearrangement

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6
Q

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type

It occurs ____ times

A

Cellular differentiation

numerous

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7
Q

A cell that is able to differentiate into all cell types including the placental tissue

In mammals only the ___ and ___ are _________

A

Totipotent

zygote and subsequent blastomeres

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8
Q

Cell ____ refers to its ability to differentiate

A

potency

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9
Q

A stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any feral or adult cell type

I.E into any 3 germ layers:

A

Pluripotent

endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm

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10
Q

Pluripotent progenitor cells have the potential to

A

give rise to cells from multiple but limited number of lineages for example hematopoietic cells

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11
Q

Hematopoietic cells

A

a blood stem cell that can develop into several types of blood cells, but cannot develop into brain cells or other types of cells

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12
Q

A cell that has the capacity to differentiate into only one cell lineage

A

precursor or progenitor cell

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13
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death, a normal componenet of the development of multicellular organisms

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13
Q

Ovum

Sperm

A

Egg

Seed

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14
Q

Cells die in response to

During apoptosis they do so in a _____ fashion

A

a variety of stimuli

controlled, regulated

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15
Q

Zygote

A

cell that results from the union of oocyte and sperm during fertilization

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16
Q

The developing human in its early stages of development (3-8 week)

A

Embryo

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17
Q

Conceptus

A

embryo and its adnexa (all structures that develop the zygote)

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18
Q

Fetus

A

The developing human after the embryonic period (9th week - birth)

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19
Q

The first discerning indication of organ or structure

A

primordium, anlage, rudiment

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20
Q

Length of pregnancy

A

280 (266) days, 40 (38) weeks after the onset of the last menstruation

21
Q

Preembryonic period
embryonic period
fetal period

A

before 2 weeks
3-8 weeks
after 9 weeks

22
Q

the process of formation of the male and female gametes that occurs in the gonads (ovary or testis)

A

gametogenesis

23
Q

meiosis

A

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

24
Q

4 steps of fertilization

A

contact, sperm entry, egg activation, fusion

25
Q

Sperm reach the ___ where fertilization will occur

A

oviduct

26
Q

Fertilization must occur within

A

24 hrs

27
Q

Only __ sperm is allowed to enter

because …

A

1

fast block and slow block

28
Q

Cleavage

A

a series of rapid mitotic divisions without cell growth

29
Q

Late 60 cell morula enters uterus, taking up fluid becoming a

A

blastocyte

30
Q

Blastomeres

how many

A

daughter cells

32

31
Q

Layer of cells surrounding the cavity which helps from the placenta

A

trophoblast

32
Q

High risk pregnancy

A

monochoronic - umbilicall cord harmful or one twin harms the other

32
Q

Implantation occurs during

occurs where

A

weeks 1 and 2

endometrium of uterine wall

33
Q

Most common type of twins

A

dizygotic - 2 eggs instead of 1
this is the safest type

34
Q

1 egg splints into 2

A

monozygotic

35
Q

Invagination of epiblastic cells

A

gastrulation

36
Q

Days 14-15 they (epiblast) replace hypoblast becomoming

Day 16: a new third layer is formed in between

Epiblast cells remaining on surface

A

endoderm

mesoderm

ectoderm

37
Q

Formed from migrating cells that replace the hypoblast

A

endoderm

38
Q

formed between epiblast and endoderm (divide and spread)

A

mesoderm

39
Q

formed from epiblast cell that stays on dorsal surface

A

ectoderm

40
Q

They lie outside of the embryo and provide protection and nourishment

A

extra embryonic membranes

41
Q

The body takes shape at

A

week 4

42
Q

What does the ectoderm form

endoderm

mesoderm

A

brain, spinal cord, and epidermis

inner epithelial lining, respiratory tubes, digestive organs, urinary bladder

muscles, bone, dermis, connective tissues

43
Q

A birth that occurs before 38 weeks

A

premature

44
Q

Heart starts pumping at

A

29 days, about 4 week or 1 month, 1/2 cm in size

45
Q

What forms in the second month

A

skeleton formation, looks like human, all major organs are in place

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
47
Q
A

Lifespan (6 decks)

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