Motor Characteristics and Role of PT for ASD

Question 1

Motor characteristics

Answer 1

Low gross and fine motor scores, specifically in activities involving balance and coordination
Slow rate of motor learning and altered ability to form internal action models necessary
Rely on proprioceptive feedback over visual feedback when learning new motor skills
Posture
Gait

Question 2

Motor characteristics
- Posture

Answer 2

Increased sway in all directions and in all sensory conditions

Question 3

Motor Characteristics
- Gait

Answer 3

Toe walking
Wider, shorter steps
Increased cadence
Reduced speed
Gait asymmetry to compensate for the lack of postural control

Question 4

Motor planning and coordination

Answer 4

Slower movement times
Rely more on sensory feedback as compared to feedforward mechanism
Greater variability in movement patterns
Coordination for limitation-based tasks is impaired

Question 5

Body functions of ASD

Answer 5

Mental functions
Sleep pattern
Pain
Vision and hearing
Physical fitness
Control of movements
Structures of NS
Structures related to movement
Structures involved in voice and speech

Question 6

Activities of ASD

Answer 6

Learning and applying knowledge
Communication
Eating and drinking
Dressing
Mobility
Doing chores

Question 7

Participation of ASD

Answer 7

Playing with peers
Going to the movies
Attending school
Playing team sports
Dating
Finding a job/working

Question 8

Env’t factors of ASD

Answer 8

Family, peers, and social support
Adaptive toys
Sound/light quality
Assistive technologies
Societal attitudes
Health, education, social services
Policies

Question 9

Personal factors of ASD

Answer 9

Motivation
Priorities and goals
Age-developmental stage
Personal interests

Question 10

Role of PT in ASD

Answer 10

Establishing eligibility for services
Improving motor function
Treatment setting

Question 11

Role of PT
- improving motor function

Answer 11

Motor control and coordination
Developmental delay
Dynamic postural control

Question 12

Role of PT
- Treatment setting

Answer 12

Early intervention
School-based
Outpatient

Question 13

Subjective Examination

Answer 13

Hx: prenatal, perinatal and postnatal
Developmental milestones
Family Hx
Diagnosed at what age?
Taking medications?
Motor and cognitive function
Social function and communication
Caregiver and child’s goals

Question 14

Objective Assessment

Answer 14

Standardized developmental testing
Observations of naturalistic play

Question 15

Objective Assessment
- Standardized developmental testing

Answer 15

Peabody Motor Development Scale III
Movement ABD

Question 16

Objective Assessment
- Observations of naturalistic play

Answer 16

Verbal and non-verbal communication
Repetitive behaviors
Motor function
Gestures
REciprocal interactions and turn taking
Spontaneous vs. reciprocal communication
Rapport btwn child and caregiver
Complexity and variability of play
Imitation?

Question 17

Objective Assessment
- Assessments/tests

Answer 17

Cognitive Assessment
Sensory-perceptual assessment
Sensory integration and praxis test

Question 18

Principles of PT Management

Answer 18

Convey evaluation instructions in a manner the child can comprehend
Identify cognitive impairments that govern motor activities planned
Identify sensory modulation impairments that will affect the child’s engagement in the intervention plan
Identify the child’s key motor impairments

Question 19

Principles of PT Management
- Convey evaluation instructions in a manner the child can comprehend

Answer 19

Pictures schedules
SImplify verbal commands
Hand-on-hand instructions
Visual models
Breaks
Rewards
Understanding instructions
Demonstrate what is asked of him or her

Question 20

Principles of PT management
- Identify cognitive impairments that govern the motor activities planned

Answer 20

Level of focus (overfocused attention or inattention)
Presence of hyperactivity and intellectual level (nonverbal, verbal but delayed, verbal/hyperverbal and age-appropriate)

Question 21

Principles of PT Management
- Identify the child’s key motor impairments

Answer 21

Coordination
Balance
Praxis
Plan for activities that are comprehensive
Prioritize goals depending on the child and family’s highest need
Family has been asked to participate in multiple therapies and has little time to focus on a range of motor activities

Question 22

PT Management

Answer 22

Structuring the environment
Instructions for the activity
Prompting/modeling/feedback
Repetition
Active Engagement