Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Complex developmental condition involving challenges with social communication, restricted interest and repetitive behavior
Autism is a lifelong disorder with high variability in what?
Individual presentation
Etiology
Unknown causes
Suspected genetic and env’t risk factors that are associated with the diagonsis
Etiology
- Factors
Unrelated risk factors
Related risk factors
Nutrition
Etiology
- Unrelated risk factors
Vaccination
Maternal smoking
Assisted reproductive technologies
Etiology
- Related risk factors
Advanced parental age
Birth complications associated with trauma/ischemia and hypoxia
Maternal obesity
Maternal diabetes
C section
Etiology
- Nutrition
Deficiency of folic acid, omega 3, and vit D
Incidence
CDC estimates that 1 in how many children are diagnosed with autsim?
68
Incidence
- Who are more likely to be diagnosed?
Boys > girls
Incidence
- Identical Twins
ASD in one child increases the chance of the other having ASD by 36 to 95%
Incidence
- Siblings
One child has ASD, then the other child has 31% risk of developing ASD
Siblings of children with ASD have a 25-50% risk of developing other developmental delays
Neurological abnormalities in ASD
Brain underconnectivity
Glial inflammation
Altered function of mirror neurons (involved in recognition/limitation of motor tasks)
Neurological abnormalities
- Decreased in what
Cortical thickness
White matter connectivity
Neurochemical concentrations in the brain
Number of Purkinje cells in the vermis and cerebellar hemisphers
Characteristics of ASD
Symptoms emerging prior to 3 years of age within the domains of social communication development and imaginative play
Characteristics of ASD
Qualitative social impairments in non-verbal behaviors
Failure to develop peer relationships
Lack of spontaneous sharing of interests and enjoyment
Lack of emotional or social reciproicity
Characteristics
- Qualitative social impairments in non-verbal behavior
Eye gaze
Facial expressions
Body postures
Gestures during social interactions
Verbal communication deficits
Delay or lack of spoken language
Impaired ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
Use of repetitive or idiosyncratic language
Lack of spontaneous, pretend play
Restricted repetitive and stereotyped behaviors
One or more stereotyped patterns of interest
Inflexible adherence to routines and rituals
Stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms
Persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
Social communication deficits
Does not play interactive games
Avoids eye contact
Displays lack of empathy
Prefers solitary or ritualistic play
Doesn’t imitate action of others
Associated impairments
Cognitive
Sensory-perceptual impairments
Associated impairments
- Cognitive
Attention and other social skills
Language
Executive functioning
Associated Impairments
- Sensory-perceptual impairments
Sensory modulation disorders (over-responsive or under-responsive)
Tactile, visual, auditory, proprioceptive, and vestibular
May find normal noises painful
Holds hands over ears
Withdraws from physical contact
Rubs surfaces or licks objects
Signs of sensory overlaod
Loss of balance/co-coordination
Skil flushes/goes pale
Verbalizing STOP!
Reduces activities
Racing HR
Hysteria/crying
Stomach distress, nausea, vomiting, cramps
Sweating
Anger/agitation
Repeating
Stimming
Lashing out
