Motivational Interviewing & Stages of Change

Question 1

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 1

Discusses the path that motivation usually follows.
Starts from the bottom and moves up through the hierarchy as each level of needs are met.
Certain needs dominate our motivations at different times.

Self-Actualization
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physiological needs

Question 2

Aldefer’s ERG Model

Answer 2

Existence Relatedness Growth

Question 3

Existence needs

Answer 3

Concerned with providing the basic requirements for material existence/necessities.
Comparable to physiological needs in Maslow’s triangle. (food)

Question 4

Relatedness needs

Answer 4

Focuses on the desire to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships with family, friends, co-workers, and employers.
Having satisfying relationships to provide support

Question 5

Growth needs

Answer 5

These needs are about the fulfillment of desires to be creative, productive, and to complete meaningful tasks in order to build and enhance a person’s self-esteem through personal achievement

Question 6

Differences to the Maslow theory of motivation

Answer 6

• Non hierarchical - the three ERG levels are not stepped.
• The Frustration-Regression Principle - the inability to satisfy one need causes frustration and regression to the next perceived lower level. If a higher level need seems to be too difficult to fulfill, the person may progress to lower level needs that appear easier to satisfy.
• Varying needs - needs change because: to their own changing circumstances, their own perception of those circumstances, to their leaders framing and communication of those circumstances

Question 7

Difference between Maslow need hierarchy and Alderger’s ERG theory:

Answer 7

• Maslow’s theory is rigid and assumes that the needs follow a specific and orderly hierarchy and unless a lower level need is satisfied, an individual cannot proceed to the higher level need.
• ERG Theory is flexible and needs are perceived as a range/variety rather than perceiving them as a hierarchy

Question 8

Motivational interviewing

Answer 8

• Goal oriented, client-centered counseling approach.
• Different than Rogerian client-centered approach: goal directed, focused, therapist attempts to influence client’s to make change rather than explore themselves without directive.
• Understands that clients approach counseling in different stages of change
• Non-judgmental, non-confrontational, non-adversarial

Question 9

What is motivational interviewing?

Answer 9

• Collaboration with the client
• Evocation: belief that the client already has the motivation and the ability to change. Igniting that they believe that themselves
• Autonomy: giving them the autonomy to make those decisions on their own

Question 10

How do you do it?

Answer 10

1. Express empathy - imagine yourself in their shoes and communicate from that place.
2. Develop discrepancy - “I noticed you said you want to be more productive yet you’ve watched 19 episodes of The Office today”
3. Roll with Resistance - don’t get frustrated
4. Support self-efficacy - promote person’s ability to solve their problems. Highlight their strengths.

Question 11

What are the stages of change?

Answer 11

The stages describe a person’s motivational readiness or progress towards modifying the problem behavior

Question 12

List the stages of change:

Answer 12

Precontemplation: not considering quitting in the next 6 months
Contemplation: seriously considering quitting in the next 6 months
Preparation: planning to quit in the next 30 days
Action: The first 6 months of “staying quit” (not doing the problem behavior)
Maintenance: 6 months after quitting
Relapse: Transition to an earlier stage

Question 13

Key features of the stages of change model:

Answer 13

• Deals with intentional behavior change
• Views change as a process rather than an event
• In attempting to change a behavior a person typically cycles through these stages of change

Question 14

the importance a person gives to the perceived advantages (pros) and disadvantages (cons) of stopping the bheavior

Answer 14

decisional balance

Question 15

an individual’s motivation to change is affected by their ______ ______

Answer 15

decisional balance

Question 16

• a person’s confidence in their ability to quit, and to resist temptations
• confidence to resist temptations to engaging in the problematic behavior varies across the stages of change, being lowest in precontemplation and highest in maintenance

Answer 16

self-efficacy

Question 17

10 Processes of change

Answer 17

• Coping activities or strategies used by people in their attempts to change.
• Each change process is a broad category of coping activities which encompasses multiple techniques, methods, and interventions

Question 18

involve changes in the way people think and feel about their behavior

Answer 18

cognitive change processes

Question 19

involve people making changes to their behavior

Answer 19

behavioral change processes

Question 20

List the 5 cognitive processes:

Answer 20

• Consciousness raising: increasing awareness
• Dramatic relief: emotional arousal
• Environmental Reevaluation: social reappraisal
  Social liberation: environmental opportunities
  Self-reevaluation: self-reappraisal

Question 21

List the 5 behavioral processes:

Answer 21

• Stimulus control: re-engineering
• Helping relationship: supporting
• Counter conditioning: rewarding
• Self-liberation: committing

Question 22

Helps people to move through the early stages of change (i.e. from not thinking about quitting to deciding to quit)

Answer 22

cognitive change processes

Question 23

Helps people to move through the later stages of change (i.e. from making a quit attempt to staying quit)

Answer 23

behavioral change processes

Question 24

How is the model useful?

Answer 24

• Provides a framework for understanding the process of how people change.
• Recognizes that people in different stages of change need different types of interventions to help them progress,