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Pe > Motivation, agression, social facilitation > Flashcards

Motivation, agression, social facilitation Flashcards

1
Q

What is aggression

A

Intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behavior.

It is deliberate, reactive and hostile

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2
Q

What is assertion

A

Well-motivated behavior within the rules

It is goal-directed and controlled

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3
Q

What is instrumental aggression

A

Intent to harm but within the rules e.g boxing

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4
Q

What is instinct theory

A
  • We have natural traits or predisposition to be aggressive
  • We are genetically programmed to defend ourselves and in sport our territory
  • Theorist believe aggression builds up within us
  • If provoked enough we will react aggressively
    This leads to a cathartic release and then we calm
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5
Q

What are the drawbacks of instinct theory

A
  • Doesn’t consider environmental effect
  • Social learning
  • Suggest all humans are inherently aggressive which isn’t true
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6
Q

What is frustration aggression hypothesis

A
  • When a performer has a goal blocked they become frustrated
  • Frustration always leads to an aggressive response
  • Once the aggressive act had been carried out this will have a cathartic effect reducing frustration and aggression
  • If the peformer is unable to release their aggression frustration builds up leading to increased aggressive drive
    The performer is likely to retaliate later in the competition
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7
Q

What are the drawbacks of frustration agression hypothesis

A
  • Doesn’t account for perfomers who act aggressively without a goal being blocked
  • Or performers that have their goals blocked but do not react aggressively
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8
Q

What is aggressive cue hypothesis

A
  • Updated version of the Frustration-aggression hypothesis
  • When a goal is blocked arousal levels increase and the perfomer experinces frustration
  • Performer then ready for an aggressive act rather than it being inevitable
  • An aggressive act will only happen in learned cues or triggers are present
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9
Q

What are the four types of motivation

A

Intrinsic, extrinsic, tangible, intangible

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10
Q

What is achievement motivation

A

How much desire a player has to keep on trying to succeed

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11
Q

What is NACH also known as

A

Approach behaviour

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12
Q

What is NAF also known as

A

Avoid behaviour

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13
Q

Characteristics of approach behavior

A

Welcome competition

Confident

Attribute success internally

Value feedback

Want to improve and be the best

Approach behavior

Not afraid to fail

Task persistent

Take risks

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14
Q

Characteristics of avoid behavior

A

Dislike feedback

Lack confidence

Avoidance behavior

Take the easy option

Give up early

Avoid 50/50 challenges

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15
Q

What is achievement goal theory

A

Motivation and task persistence depends on type of goals set by the perfomer and how thye measure success

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16
Q

How to develop approach behaviour

A

1)Reinforcement - praise and rewards
2)Attribute success internally - you won because of the amount of effort you put in
3)Allowing success in training - Drills with no defence in basketball
4)Improve confidence
5)Goal setting

17
Q

What are outcome oriented goals

A

Based on beating others. Doesn’t matter how, however if not achieved confidence can be lowered

18
Q

What are task related goals

A

Process of success, measured against own standards, success can be achieved regardless of result confidence therefore is maintained

19
Q

What is social facilitation

A

The behavioural effects due to the presence of others (BEDTOP)

20
Q

What does zajoncs model suggest

A

Zajonc suggested four types of others split into two categories.

21
Q

What are passive others in zjonc’s model

A

They do not interact with the performer

22
Q

What are interactive others in zjonc’s model

A

Communicate directly with the performer

23
Q

What are the audience in zjonc’s model

A

Those people who are watching either as spectators at the event or at home on TV.

For example
* TV audience
* Silent crowd during tee-off in golf
Scout

24
Q

What are co-actors in zjonc’s model

A

Perform at the same time but are not in direct competition.

For example
* Seeing another cyclist makes you speed up and overtake them
Another player on a badminton court/team mate

25
Q

What are competitive co-actors in zjonc’s model

A

Those in direct competition with the performer.

The oppositions

For example
Swimmers in the same race in direct competition

26
Q

What are social reinforcers in zjonc’s model

A

Those with a direct influence on the performer.

For example:

* The coach
* Emotive supporters
27
Q

Explain zjonc’s model of social facilitation

A

With people surrounding the performer it leads to and increased arousal and drive. This means that the probability of the performer using their dominant response increases. A novice is more likely to have a wrong dominant response and therefore leads to social inhibition. Whereas an autonomous learner is likely to have the correct dominant response and therefore social facilitation occurs.

28
Q

What is social inhibition

A

Negative influence on performance, caused by the presence of others during performance

29
Q

What is the weakness of social facilitation

A

Not all performers are affected by the presence of others

30
Q

What is evaluation apprehension

A

Perceived fear of being judged

31
Q

What are the other factors that cause evaluation apprehension

A
  • Knowledgeable audience (scout)
  • Significant others (parents)
  • Supportive or abusive audience
  • If the performer naturally has high trait anxiety
  • Low self-efficacy
32
Q

Ways to combat social inhibition

A
  • Mental rehersal
  • Train in front of others and increase the numbers
  • Selective attention to cut out audience
  • Reduce importance of event
  • Avoid social comparison
  • Encourage team mates to be supportive
  • Increase self-efficacy
  • Gradually introduce evaluation
  • Stress management techniques and relaxation
  • Use attributions correctly
  • Ensure skills are over-learned to encourage the dominant habit to occur as arousal levels increase

Pe (10 decks)

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