Motivation

Question 1

What is state motivation?

Answer 1

Brief
Temporary
Task dependent
Intrinsic - the activity is the source of motivation/ you do it because you like it
Extrinsic - behaviour is due to anticipated consequences/motivated for the grades + rewards

Question 2

What is trait motivation?

Answer 2

Stable 
Enduring 
Task independent 
Strong need to achieve
Work hard even if no interest in topic

Question 3

What is motivation?

Answer 3

a set of processes that arouse, direct and maintain human behaviour

Question 4

Deci (1971)

Answer 4

3 conditions

• complete puzzles
• complete puzzles and get paid
• complete puzzles and don’t get paid

found

• those extrinsically motivated in task 2 were not as motivated compared to those who were never paid
• money decreased intrinsic motivation

repeated the study using verbal reward instead
- this increased intrinsic motivation

Question 5

Criticisms of Deci (1971)

Answer 5

Hierarchy of evidence - meta analysis would be better than one unique study

used two different groups of people - people are motivated differently so may be more/less susceptible

Question 6

Cameron and Pierce (1994)

Answer 6

meta analysis
opposite to Deci (1971) - extrinsic reward does not decrease intrinsic motivation
but agree’s with Deci (1971) that verbal praise increased intrinsic reward
also found that expected rewards have a negative effect

Question 7

Deci, Koestner and Ryan (1999)

Answer 7

Cameron and Pierce (1994) study was flawed
Shouldn’t be using extrinsic rewards in classrooms as it decreased intrinsic motivation

positive verbal feedback increased free-choice behaviour and self-reported interest

do no used tangible rewards in the classroom

Question 8

Ryan and Deci (2000)

Answer 8

different levels to extrinsic motivation
- internal/external
if you internalise extrinsic it can become intrinsic

Question 9

What is intrinsic motivation linked to?

Answer 9

creativity
enhance task performance
higher psychological well-being
high quality learning

Question 10

What is extrinsic motivation linked to?

Answer 10

Expected rewards - do it for the reward not task
Unexpected rewards - do it for the task get a surprise
leads to
- engagement
- completion of tasks
- higher performance

Question 11

Application in classroom

Answer 11

use intrinsic
- develop more interesting activities for students and provide more choice
use verbal praise to enhance intrinsic motivation in adolescents not school children
do not use tangible rewards unless expected