Motivation Flashcards
Why is motivation so important?
. People are concerned with how to get people to move or act
. parents, teachers,coaches, managers,
. Individuals struggle to find the energy they need to mobilise effort
. Need motivation in every sphere of life
what motivates you?
music success stories your goals leader family friends career
what is motivation?
. The cognitive decision making process through which goal directed behaviour is initiated, energised, directed and maintained
Motivation and work
Reade 2003- 6 motives
.If you understand motivation you can influence behaviour
. a motivated workforce is a sign of a successful organisation
. Job satisfaction more important that money?
1.enjoyment
2.friendly colleagues
3.earning enough
4.passion for the industry
5. good location
6. social life
what is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation? and why is it important
in: exists within the individual rather than relying on external factors
Ex: motivation comes from outside the individual – rewards, promotion, pay, recognition
. key to individual enrichment . key element of sucessful business . varies between individuals and teams . dependent on many factors: - job design -organisation -management -leadership
motivational perspectives
- goals
- what are the main motives for our behaviour
- view motivation in terms of our desired outcomes or goals
- explain and predict behaviour based on drives and needs
- covered by content theories of motivation - decisions
- why do we pursue certain goals?
- view motivation in terms of cognitive decision making process influencing a persons choice of goals
- coveed by process theories of motivation - influence
- how can you be motivated to work harder?
- views motivation as a social influence process
- covered by job enrichment theories
content theories
drive- innate, biological determinant of behaviour, activated by deprivation
innates drives: curiosity, sense making, order meaning, competency, self understanding
emotional needs theories (nohria et al 2008)
emotional needs theory : 4 basic and innate drives
- drive to acquire: obtain goods, develop social status
- drive to bond: form conditions with other
- drive to comprehend: satisfy curiosity, master enviroment
- drive to defend: protect against threats, promote justice
acquired needs theory (mcclelland 1988)
. People are motivated by 3 needs :
- Need for achievement: unconscious concern for excellence– internal locus of control, self confidence, high energy, goal orientated, seek challenge
- need for power: unconscious concern for influencing others and seeking positions of authority– dominance trait, enjoy competition, seek authority, lower need for affiliation
- need for affiliation: unconscious concern for developing, maintaining and restoring close personal relationships– sensitivity, need to be liked, enjoy social activities, develop and help others, concerned about what people think
maslows hierachy of needs
step 1: psychological needs: salary, working enviroment
step 2: safety needs: working conditions, job security
step 3: social needs: team atmosphere, friendly supervision
step 4: esteem needs: job title, recognition of achievement
step5: self actualisation: opportunities for creativity, personal growth, promotion
(Alderfer, 1972 ) reduced maslows hierachy to 3 needs
- existence: first 2 levels
- relatedness: social needs and external esteem
- growth: internal esteem and self actualisation
he belives that humans need to be satisifed in all three areas – if not possible, energy should be doubled in another area
process theories – (adams 1965)
. How we make choices with respect to goals
. Decision making
. How we choose our goals and how we pursue them
equity theory:
- just or equitable return of our efforts
- we are motivated when perceived input = output
- we make comparisons with others
- we are motivated to act in situations
- higher in equity
goal setting theory- locke 1968
- motivational technique
- motivation is influenced by:
. goal difficulty
. goal specificity
. knowledge of results - challenging goals lead to higher levels of performance
- sense of purpose
- clear expectations
- increate commitment
job enrichment theories – herzberg 1959
- motivation as a social influence process
two factor theory:
- factors in work cause: . job satisfaction, job dissatisfaction
motivation factors:
- aspects of work that lead to satisfaction, motivation, and performance
- achievement, advancement, growth, recognition
hygiene factors:
- aspects of work that remove dissatisfaction
-do not contribute to motivation or performance
. pay, supervisory style, security, working conditions
