Motivation Flashcards
Who put forth the Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow at 1943
What are the Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs->Safety needs->Belongingness and and love needs-> esteem needs->need for self-actualization
What was Maslow’s focus on
humanistic movement.
What is an example of physiological needs
food/water/air
What are safety needs
shelter and protection
What are belongingness and love needs
love, companionship, affection from others
What are esteem needs
mastery/power/appreciated by other
What methodical approach did Maslow use
case study approach
What are self-actualized people?
- only 2% of people
- superior perception of reality
- accepts self and others
- is spontaneous, creative , autonomous
- desires privacy
- identifies with human species
- has more peak experiences
What are peak experiences
completely free from broader moments
What are critiques o Maslow’s theory
- higher level needs sometimes trump lower
- not scientific, no control group ( case study approach)
- culturally biased
Who proposed the need-press model and when
Henry Murray at 1930s
What is the need press model
motives stem from desire to fill vid ( need) in light of environmental constraints
What is the approach taken my Murray
case study of 50 men
What are the 3 main motives that Murray proposed through his need-press model
- need for affiliation: desire to spend time with others
- achievement: desire to do things well
- power/dominance ( desire to impact people)
What is thematic apperception test and picture exercise story
type of story told informed by motivation most important to you
What does a high affiliation in picture exercise story predict
predicts marital happiness and pschosocial adjustment over 17 years
What does a high achievement in picture exercise story predict
predicts entrepreneurial activity in the US and India
What does a high dominance in picture exercise story predict
predicts managerial success in a major US company over 16 years
What are the biological correlates of implicit motives for affliation
- decreases sympathetic response to stress
- increases in progesterone
What are the biological correlates of implicit motives for dominance
- testosterone (men) and estradiol (women) increases after wins
- increased cortisol to defeat
What are some contemporary view of motivation
-Self-Determination theory (Deci and Ryan) at 1985
What is the self-determination theory ?
autonomy: meed for internalized goals
relatedness: need to be connected to others
competence: need to experience mastery
* They don’t assume hierarchy
What are the assumptions in Deci and Ryan in the self-determination theory?
- Assumes motive for growth
- All 3 need to be satisfied
- Others support our autonomous motivation
- Promotes various outcomes
- more creative, better performance
- -better psychological health
- better physical health
What did Fiske propose and when?
BUC(k)ET of motives , 2004
What are the 5 core motivations proposed by Fiske
- Belonging: (need for strong,stable relationship,underlies the other 4 motives)
- Understanding (need for sheared meaning and prediction)
- Control (need for perceived contingency between behavior and outcomes)
- Enhancing the self: need for viewing self as worthy and striving for self-improvement
- Trust: need for viewing others as benign
What did Fiske propose
-key motivations evolved to enhance chances of human survival
Fiske’s Motive for Belonging, research example
- # of close ties->well-being
- relationship problems->poor health
- negative effects of exclusion : cyberball study (2004)
What are the result’s from the cyberball study
People rated lower measures of belonging,self esteem,control ,meaningful existence
What are research examples for motive for understanding
-meaning maintenance ( self-uncertainty->learn patterns more quickly )
- prefer shared information
(medical diagnosis study)
* natural agreeableness
*compensate for uncertainty triggered motivation to find something sensible
What is the research for motive for control?
-Loss of control: sensitive to social info
-Illusion of control: lottery study : given ticket, chosen ticket
(people are delusional)
What are research shown for self-enhancement
-self-esteem->well-being
-above average effect
(picture morphing study)
-cultural difference
What are the difference in cultural differences between individualized western and eastern
- western: standing out self-enhancement
- eastern: fitting in , self-improvement, collectivism
What are research shown for trust
- trustful people cooperate
- role of oxytocin
