Motivation

Question 1

Who put forth the Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 1

Abraham Maslow at 1943

Question 2

What are the Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 2

Physiological needs->Safety needs->Belongingness and and love needs-> esteem needs->need for self-actualization

Question 3

What was Maslow’s focus on

Answer 3

humanistic movement.

Question 4

What is an example of physiological needs

Answer 4

food/water/air

Question 5

What are safety needs

Answer 5

shelter and protection

Question 6

What are belongingness and love needs

Answer 6

love, companionship, affection from others

Question 7

What are esteem needs

Answer 7

mastery/power/appreciated by other

Question 8

What methodical approach did Maslow use

Answer 8

case study approach

Question 9

What are self-actualized people?

Answer 9

• only 2% of people
• superior perception of reality
• accepts self and others
• is spontaneous, creative , autonomous
• desires privacy
• identifies with human species
• has more peak experiences

Question 10

What are peak experiences

Answer 10

completely free from broader moments

Question 11

What are critiques o Maslow’s theory

Answer 11

• higher level needs sometimes trump lower
• not scientific, no control group ( case study approach)
• culturally biased

Question 12

Who proposed the need-press model and when

Answer 12

Henry Murray at 1930s

Question 13

What is the need press model

Answer 13

motives stem from desire to fill vid ( need) in light of environmental constraints

Question 14

What is the approach taken my Murray

Answer 14

case study of 50 men

Question 15

What are the 3 main motives that Murray proposed through his need-press model

Answer 15

1. need for affiliation: desire to spend time with others
2. achievement: desire to do things well
3. power/dominance ( desire to impact people)

Question 16

What is thematic apperception test and picture exercise story

Answer 16

type of story told informed by motivation most important to you

Question 17

What does a high affiliation in picture exercise story predict

Answer 17

predicts marital happiness and pschosocial adjustment over 17 years

Question 18

What does a high achievement in picture exercise story predict

Answer 18

predicts entrepreneurial activity in the US and India

Question 19

What does a high dominance in picture exercise story predict

Answer 19

predicts managerial success in a major US company over 16 years

Question 20

What are the biological correlates of implicit motives for affliation

Answer 20

• decreases sympathetic response to stress

- increases in progesterone

Question 21

What are the biological correlates of implicit motives for dominance

Answer 21

• testosterone (men) and estradiol (women) increases after wins
• increased cortisol to defeat

Question 22

What are some contemporary view of motivation

Answer 22

-Self-Determination theory (Deci and Ryan) at 1985

Question 23

What is the self-determination theory ?

Answer 23

autonomy: meed for internalized goals
relatedness: need to be connected to others
competence: need to experience mastery
* They don’t assume hierarchy

Question 24

What are the assumptions in Deci and Ryan in the self-determination theory?

Answer 24

• Assumes motive for growth
• All 3 need to be satisfied
• Others support our autonomous motivation
• Promotes various outcomes
• • more creative, better performance
• -better psychological health
• • better physical health

Question 25

What did Fiske propose and when?

Answer 25

BUC(k)ET of motives , 2004

Question 26

What are the 5 core motivations proposed by Fiske

Answer 26

1. Belonging: (need for strong,stable relationship,underlies the other 4 motives)
2. Understanding (need for sheared meaning and prediction)
3. Control (need for perceived contingency between behavior and outcomes)
4. Enhancing the self: need for viewing self as worthy and striving for self-improvement
5. Trust: need for viewing others as benign

Question 27

What did Fiske propose

Answer 27

-key motivations evolved to enhance chances of human survival

Question 28

Fiske’s Motive for Belonging, research example

Answer 28

• # of close ties->well-being
• relationship problems->poor health
• negative effects of exclusion : cyberball study (2004)

Question 29

What are the result’s from the cyberball study

Answer 29

People rated lower measures of belonging,self esteem,control ,meaningful existence

Question 30

What are research examples for motive for understanding

Answer 30

-meaning maintenance ( self-uncertainty->learn patterns more quickly )
- prefer shared information
(medical diagnosis study)
* natural agreeableness
*compensate for uncertainty triggered motivation to find something sensible

Question 31

What is the research for motive for control?

Answer 31

-Loss of control: sensitive to social info
-Illusion of control: lottery study : given ticket, chosen ticket
(people are delusional)

Question 32

What are research shown for self-enhancement

Answer 32

-self-esteem->well-being
-above average effect
(picture morphing study)
-cultural difference

Question 33

What are the difference in cultural differences between individualized western and eastern

Answer 33

• western: standing out self-enhancement

- eastern: fitting in , self-improvement, collectivism

Question 34

What are research shown for trust

Answer 34

• trustful people cooperate

- role of oxytocin