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Psyc 102 > Chapt 5. Developmental Psych > Flashcards

Chapt 5. Developmental Psych Flashcards

1
Q

What is developmental psychology

A

It is the study of our cognitive, physical and social development across our lifespan

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2
Q

What is a zygote: what are it’s 2 parts

A

It is a fertilized egg. Internal cells =embryo outer cells = placenta

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3
Q

What are the few things fetus’s are exposed to

A

sounds

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4
Q

What is habituation

A

a decrease in responding due to constant stimulation

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5
Q

what are the two prenatal periods– what is the transition between the 2 periods

A

the 2 prenatal periods is the zygote and the fetus. the embryo is the transition

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6
Q

how is an infant’s visual preference procedure tested ?

A

through habituation of a stimulus

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7
Q

what is maturation?

A

It is the orderly sequence of biological growth

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8
Q

what is a schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes information

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9
Q

what is assimilation

A

interpretating new information into our existing schema

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10
Q

what is accomadation

A

it is the adjusting of our framework (schema) to new information

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11
Q

what are the 4 stages of cognitive development

A
  1. sensorimotor
  2. preoperational
  3. concrete operational
  4. formal operational
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12
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage of Pageit’s theory of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor is the using of senses to obtain information

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13
Q

What is preoperational

A

It is the use of words and images intuitively and not logically to represent things

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14
Q

What is concrete operational

A

Thinking logically performing arithmetic

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15
Q

What is formal operational

A

performing abstract thinking

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16
Q

What age is the sensorimotor age

A

from birth to age 2

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17
Q

when is the preoperational stage

A

2-6

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18
Q

when is the concrete operational stage

A

7-11

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19
Q

when is the formal operational stage

A

age 12 onwards

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20
Q

What was Piaget’s moral development?

A

Piaget’s moral development 3 stages:
moral concrete
transitional
moral relative

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21
Q

What is the moral concrete step in Piaget’s moral development ?

A

authority and rules are most important
outcome most important
(3-7 years)

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22
Q

What is the transitional stage in Piaget’s moral development?

A

interaction with peers
relative rules are learnt
(8-10 years)

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23
Q

What is the moral relativism stage in Piaget’s moral development?

A

intents and motives become important

11 or 12

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24
Q

When did Piaget come up with his moral development theory

A

1932

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25
What was the critique in Piaget's moral development theory?
1. moral development continued after age 12 2. younger children did not respect all rules equally 3. children do not ignore the actor's intent 4. peer interaction may not stimulate moral development
26
when did Kohlberg develop his moral theory?
1950s
27
What were Kohlberg's moral theories?
1. preconventional ( outcomes + rules ) 2. conventional ( how you want society to look at you) 3. postconventional ( self-reasoning+ philoshopical)
28
What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg's preconventional stage
stage 1:punishment and obedience - consequence and outcome focus - rules are external stage2: instrumentation and exchange orientation - self-interest - concern for others in hope of return
29
What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg's conventional stage
stage 3: mutual interpersonal expectation -actor's intent -seen as good person stage 4: social system and conscience orientation -perspectives and will of society -rules and law to maintain social order
30
What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg's postconventional stage
``` stage 5: social contract -laws express the will of the majority -human rights above law stage 6: universal ethical principals: -abstract guideline above law ```
31
What was the strength of Kohlberg's perspectievs
extended beyond children of age 12 | still a stage theorist
32
What were the weaknesses of Kohlberg's perspectives
1. could reason in multiple stages 2. no one in stage 6 3. culturally bias
33
What was the evidence from Kohlberg's theory?
1/ Need role-taking to enter conventional stage | 2. need formal operations (Piaget) to enter post conventional stage
34
what is evidence for prosocial behavior?
1. babies recognize cries from others and their own | 2. attempt to comfort them
35
What are prosocial acts by toddlers?
1. will help people achieve their goals and share resources 2. prosocial acts increase in frequency and variety throughout the years 3. do not regularly participate in prosocial acts
36
What are the 3 parenting styles
1. authoritative 2. authoritarian 3. permissive
37
If the child has a fearful disposition what parenting style is best
gentle discipline
38
How should fearless children be motivated
have a desire to pelase
39
what is the best parenting style?
1. focus on empathy 2. rational expression 3. de-emphasize parental power
40
why foster prosocial behavior?
1. increased emotional rewards 2. take on other's perspective 3. increase confidence to help others
41
What is attachment
strong, innate emotional connection persisting over time and circumstances
42
What are the 3 aspects of attachement?
1. familiarity 2. comfort 3. responsiveness
43
What did Lorenz study? When did he begin his studies?
1903-1989. | imprinting by ducks
44
what is the critical period
short period of time where a certain experience is needed to promote healthy development
45
At birth what can babies recognize?
mother's voice
46
Who propelled attachment theory?
Bowlby in 1969 and Ainsworth in 1978.
47
When does attachment start to develop?
6-8 months
48
What are the 3 attachment styles?
1. secure attachment 2. avoidant attachment 3. anxious-ambivalent attachment
49
What percentage of children fall under secure attachment
65%
50
What percentage of children fall under avoidant attachment
20%
51
What percentage of children fall under anxious-ambivalent attachment
15%
52
What predicts the childs' attachment?
parental attachment , parental sensitivity and responsiveness to child's needs
53
What is the theory of mind
The ability to understand someone else's mental state
54
what is object permanence
that objects still exists in space even after though they are out of sight
55
What is reversibility?
Ability to mentally undo an action
56
What are the advantages of Piaget's development theory?
They are true cross-culturally
57
What are the disadvantages of Piaget's development theory?
More of a continuous process rather than in stages. Stages are expressed earlier than Piaget thought Extends more than formal logic
58
What is self-concept?
An understanding and assessment of who they are
59
what are primary sexual characteristics ?
reproductive organs and external genetalia
60
What are secondary sexual characteristics?
non-sexual reproductive organs
61
What is the main cognitive development in adolescents?
develop reasoning power | develop moral reasoning and moral intuition
62
What type of social development is present in adolescent?
form an identity and evaluate their own self-concept
63
What are Erikson's stages of pyshosocial development?
1. trust and mistrust ( to 1 yr) 2. autonomy vs shame and doubt ( 1-3 yr) 3. initiative (3-6 yr) 4. competence and inferiority (6 to puberty) 5. identity and role confusion (puberty to 20s) 6. intimacy ( 20s-40s) 7. stagnation and generality (40s-60s) 8. integrity vs despair (60<)
64
what is emrging adulthood?
period from late-teens to mid-twenties bridge the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood
65
What are the 2 basic aspects of our lives that dominate adulthood?
work and love
66
what causes dementia?
series of small strokes , brain tumor, alcohol dependece
67
what % of people have alzhiemer
3%

Psyc 102 (6 decks)

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