Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psyc 102 > Chapt 5. Developmental Psych > Flashcards

Chapt 5. Developmental Psych Flashcards

1
Q

What is developmental psychology

A

It is the study of our cognitive, physical and social development across our lifespan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a zygote: what are it’s 2 parts

A

It is a fertilized egg. Internal cells =embryo outer cells = placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the few things fetus’s are exposed to

A

sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is habituation

A

a decrease in responding due to constant stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the two prenatal periods– what is the transition between the 2 periods

A

the 2 prenatal periods is the zygote and the fetus. the embryo is the transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how is an infant’s visual preference procedure tested ?

A

through habituation of a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is maturation?

A

It is the orderly sequence of biological growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a schema

A

a concept or framework that organizes information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is assimilation

A

interpretating new information into our existing schema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is accomadation

A

it is the adjusting of our framework (schema) to new information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 stages of cognitive development

A
  1. sensorimotor
  2. preoperational
  3. concrete operational
  4. formal operational
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage of Pageit’s theory of cognitive development

A

sensorimotor is the using of senses to obtain information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is preoperational

A

It is the use of words and images intuitively and not logically to represent things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is concrete operational

A

Thinking logically performing arithmetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is formal operational

A

performing abstract thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What age is the sensorimotor age

A

from birth to age 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is the preoperational stage

A

2-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is the concrete operational stage

A

7-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

when is the formal operational stage

A

age 12 onwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was Piaget’s moral development?

A

Piaget’s moral development 3 stages:
moral concrete
transitional
moral relative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the moral concrete step in Piaget’s moral development ?

A

authority and rules are most important
outcome most important
(3-7 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the transitional stage in Piaget’s moral development?

A

interaction with peers
relative rules are learnt
(8-10 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the moral relativism stage in Piaget’s moral development?

A

intents and motives become important

11 or 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When did Piaget come up with his moral development theory

A

1932

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was the critique in Piaget’s moral development theory?

A
  1. moral development continued after age 12
  2. younger children did not respect all rules equally
  3. children do not ignore the actor’s intent
  4. peer interaction may not stimulate moral development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when did Kohlberg develop his moral theory?

A

1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What were Kohlberg’s moral theories?

A
  1. preconventional ( outcomes + rules )
  2. conventional ( how you want society to look at you)
  3. postconventional ( self-reasoning+ philoshopical)
28
Q

What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg’s preconventional stage

A

stage 1:punishment and obedience

  • consequence and outcome focus
  • rules are external
    stage2: instrumentation and exchange orientation
  • self-interest
  • concern for others in hope of return
29
Q

What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg’s conventional stage

A

stage 3: mutual interpersonal expectation
-actor’s intent
-seen as good person
stage 4: social system and conscience orientation
-perspectives and will of society
-rules and law to maintain social order

30
Q

What were the 2 stages in Kohlberg’s postconventional stage

A 
stage 5: social contract 
-laws express the will of the majority
-human rights above law
stage 6: universal ethical principals:
-abstract guideline above law
31
Q

What was the strength of Kohlberg’s perspectievs

A

extended beyond children of age 12

still a stage theorist

32
Q

What were the weaknesses of Kohlberg’s perspectives

A
  1. could reason in multiple stages
  2. no one in stage 6
  3. culturally bias
33
Q

What was the evidence from Kohlberg’s theory?

A

1/ Need role-taking to enter conventional stage

2. need formal operations (Piaget) to enter post conventional stage

34
Q

what is evidence for prosocial behavior?

A
  1. babies recognize cries from others and their own

2. attempt to comfort them

35
Q

What are prosocial acts by toddlers?

A
  1. will help people achieve their goals and share resources
  2. prosocial acts increase in frequency and variety throughout the years
  3. do not regularly participate in prosocial acts
36
Q

What are the 3 parenting styles

A
  1. authoritative
  2. authoritarian
  3. permissive
37
Q

If the child has a fearful disposition what parenting style is best

A

gentle discipline

38
Q

How should fearless children be motivated

A

have a desire to pelase

39
Q

what is the best parenting style?

A
  1. focus on empathy
  2. rational expression
  3. de-emphasize parental power
40
Q

why foster prosocial behavior?

A
  1. increased emotional rewards
  2. take on other’s perspective
  3. increase confidence to help others
41
Q

What is attachment

A

strong, innate emotional connection persisting over time and circumstances

42
Q

What are the 3 aspects of attachement?

A
  1. familiarity
  2. comfort
  3. responsiveness
43
Q

What did Lorenz study? When did he begin his studies?

A

1903-1989.

imprinting by ducks

44
Q

what is the critical period

A

short period of time where a certain experience is needed to promote healthy development

45
Q

At birth what can babies recognize?

A

mother’s voice

46
Q

Who propelled attachment theory?

A

Bowlby in 1969 and Ainsworth in 1978.

47
Q

When does attachment start to develop?

A

6-8 months

48
Q

What are the 3 attachment styles?

A
  1. secure attachment
  2. avoidant attachment
  3. anxious-ambivalent attachment
49
Q

What percentage of children fall under secure attachment

A

65%

50
Q

What percentage of children fall under avoidant attachment

A

20%

51
Q

What percentage of children fall under anxious-ambivalent attachment

A

15%

52
Q

What predicts the childs’ attachment?

A

parental attachment , parental sensitivity and responsiveness to child’s needs

53
Q

What is the theory of mind

A

The ability to understand someone else’s mental state

54
Q

what is object permanence

A

that objects still exists in space even after though they are out of sight

55
Q

What is reversibility?

A

Ability to mentally undo an action

56
Q

What are the advantages of Piaget’s development theory?

A

They are true cross-culturally

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of Piaget’s development theory?

A

More of a continuous process rather than in stages.
Stages are expressed earlier than Piaget thought
Extends more than formal logic

58
Q

What is self-concept?

A

An understanding and assessment of who they are

59
Q

what are primary sexual characteristics ?

A

reproductive organs and external genetalia

60
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

non-sexual reproductive organs

61
Q

What is the main cognitive development in adolescents?

A

develop reasoning power

develop moral reasoning and moral intuition

62
Q

What type of social development is present in adolescent?

A

form an identity and evaluate their own self-concept

63
Q

What are Erikson’s stages of pyshosocial development?

A
  1. trust and mistrust ( to 1 yr)
  2. autonomy vs shame and doubt ( 1-3 yr)
  3. initiative (3-6 yr)
  4. competence and inferiority (6 to puberty)
  5. identity and role confusion (puberty to 20s)
  6. intimacy ( 20s-40s)
  7. stagnation and generality (40s-60s)
  8. integrity vs despair (60<)
64
Q

what is emrging adulthood?

A

period from late-teens to mid-twenties bridge the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

65
Q

What are the 2 basic aspects of our lives that dominate adulthood?

A

work and love

66
Q

what causes dementia?

A

series of small strokes , brain tumor, alcohol dependece

67
Q

what % of people have alzhiemer

A

3%

Psyc 102 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions