Motivation

Question 1

Name the three types of motivation frameworks

Answer 1

Content-based theories
Process-based theories
Contemporary Theories

Question 2

Describe Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

Answer 2

Assumes humans have universal needs (Psychological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualisation)
Hierarchically arranged (fulfil the next after the first)

Question 3

Describe where Meaningfulness fits into Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

Answer 3

It doesn’t fit well into one category, showing a flaw in the system. It is somewhere in the top 3 sections, which are intertwined

Question 4

Describe McClelland’s Theory of Needs

Answer 4

McClelland developed three needs:
- Need for achievement
- Need for power
- Need for affiliation
No implied hierarchy - however, essentially just a rewording of Maslow’s top 3 needs…

Question 5

Name two Content Based theories of motivation

Answer 5

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
McClelland’s Theory of Needs

Question 6

Describe Expectancy Theory

Answer 6

Process-Based Theory
Motivation = f(Expectancy, Instrumentality, Valence)
Expectancy = Effort to performance
Instrumentality = Performance to reward
Valence = Rewards to personal goals

Question 7

Describe Contemporary Theories of Motivation

Answer 7

Self-Determination Theory
Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation
(Eg Curiosity vs Money)
Both important - reasonable monetary incentives useful for companies.

Question 9

Describe Social Learning Theory

Answer 9

Contemporary Theory
People motivated into a behaviour by:
Vicarious learning - watching others rewarded by a behaviour
Self-reinforcement - Feeling of accomplishment, self-made goals
Self-efficacy - Belief about a person’s own ability to perform a behaviour