Motivation Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

The influence that accounts for the initiation, direction, intensity and persistance of behaviour.

E.g dry mouth - drink from a water fountain

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2
Q

Sources of motivation

A
  • Physiological - food, water and air
  • Emotional - panic, love, fear or revenge
  • Cognitive - expectations of success or failure
  • Social - the influence of friends, parents or teachers
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3
Q

Instinct Doctrine

A
  • Instinctive behaviours motivate people
    (Mcdougal 1908, 18 human instincts), seen as meaningless labels (descriptive), instinct doctrine.
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4
Q

Drive reduction theory and homeostasis

A
  • Physiological needs create drives
  • Primary drives
  • secondary drives
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5
Q

Arousal Theory

A
  • Motivation = reg of phsyiological arousal
    -motivation to behaviour in ways that = maintain arousal
  • Performance is best when arousal is moderate
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6
Q

Incentive Theory

A
  • Environmental stimuli motivate behaviour - motivated to get positive incentives (rewards), motivated to avoid negative incentives (punishments)
  • Two incentive-related systems - wanting, liking
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7
Q

Maslow Hierarchy of needs

A
  • Lower level needs = satisfied first
    Satisfy multiple levels at once and not in order. Human needs = existence needs, related needs, growth needs in any order.

Hierarchy - self actualisation, esteem, belonginges and love, safety and physiological

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8
Q

Motive states

A

Temporary flucturations as some needs are satsified and other build up.

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9
Q

Motive Dispositions

A
  • chronic, individual differences in the need for particular things (e.g need for achievement)
  • E.g need for power - desire to have an impact on others, to have prestige, to feel strong
  • affiliation - desire to spend time with others
  • achievement - desire to do things well, to feel pleasure in overcoming obstacles
  • intimacy - desire to experience warm, close and communicative exchanges with another person.
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10
Q

Achievement motivation

A
  • Intrinsic motivation - a desire to attain internal satisfaction
  • Extrinsic motivation - a desire for external rewards.
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11
Q

Achievement and success at work

A
  • Low motivation results from feelings of little or no control over one’s work environment
  • Ability to set and achieve clear goals can increase job performance and satisfacion
  • Effective goals at work- personally meaningful, specific and concrete and supported and encouraged by management.
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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • activity in the ventromedial nucleus signals that there is no need to eat
  • Activity in the lateral hypothalamus stimulates eating
  • Stimulating the paraventricular nucleus results in reduced food intake damaging it causes animals to become obese.
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13
Q

Biological factors - hunger , sexuality

A

20+ neurotransmitters/modulators affect what, how we eat aka neuropetise y stimulates carbs.

Flavour, sociocultural experience and food selection. Flavour - eat more than we need to appetite - increase desire for certain foods , specific hunger - caused by a deficiency in red meat, learning - , social and cultural influences

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14
Q

Social

A
  • Learning and thinking shapes asexuality
  • E.g development of gender roles
  • Attitudes about sexual behaviour can be shaped by educational programs to promote abstinence or safe sexual practices.
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15
Q

Sexual motivation

A
  • Factors affecting sexual motivation and arousal = individuals physiology = females -oestrogen, males - androgens,
  • Learned behaviour and physical/social environment = sexual scripts (patterns of behaviour that lead to sex)
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16
Q

Sexual Orientation

A
  • Homosexuality may be seen as a disease , a mental disorder or a crime
  • Gay, lesbian and bisexual people often suffer discrimination and violence
  • ^ Not classified as abnormal by American psychiatric association, WHO and other prominent organisations
17
Q

Physiological arousal

A

A general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems

18
Q
A