Motivation Flashcards
what is the importance of motivation?
if employees are not motivated they are not likely to work as hard and will therefore not be so productive, this could damage an objective of increasing productivity
they may make more mistakes and may not stay with the organisation for very long, thus increasing costs in both cases, this would help achieving an objective of improved cost effectiveness
poorly motivated employees may not care about the quality of the work they do, this may reduce consumer satisfaction and so damage a sales objective
benefits of motivated employees
higher levels of productivity- with output being produced increasing
quality should improve- and thus customers complaints should likewise fall, as such the business overall sales may rise sue to its reputation of producing high quality goods and services
staff rentention rates should increase as employees are motivated and happy working where they are at not feel the need to leave/look for alternative employment, this means firm doesnt spend as much on recruiting, selecting and training new employees
what was Taylors scientific approach to managment?
observing workers. recording and timing the tasks they carry out
identifing the most efficent workers and investgating how they achieve greater efficentcy in order to establish the quickest way of doing jobs
breaking down tasks into smaller parts which tasks can be done speedily and repeateadly and diving the workforce up so that individuals specialise in carrying out on particular task instaed of several
designing equipment to increase the speed with which tasks can be completed
establishing strict instrcutions on how to completing tasks in the future
supervising workers to ensure instrcutions on how to complete tasks are closely adhered to
Taylors findings
taylor assumed everyone was motivated by personal economical gain and that the only reason people worked was for money
he beileved that the managers task was to devise a system which would maximise efficency, this would ensure costs were kept to a minimum, profits maximised and enable workers to paid a higher wage
what was Taylors devised system called
differential piece rate- this rewarded workers according to output
advanatges to his theroy
designed to reduce inefficiency of workers and managers, working on reducing conflict between them
his principals would create a partnership between managers and workers based on an understanding of how jobs should be done and how workers are motivated
disadvanatges of his theroy
besides treating workers like machines, they assume that the only reason people work is for the money
the notation of the quickest and best way for all workers does not take into account individual differences, there is no guaratee that the best way will suit everybody
does not take into account the tediousness of the task
what are the class needs for Maslow?
physiological needs- wages high enough to meet weekly bills, good working conditions and so on
safety needs- job security, safe working conditions
love and belonging- working with colleagues who support you are at work, teamwork, communicating
esteem needs- being given recognition for doing a good job well
self actulasation- being promoted and given more responsibility, scpoe to introduce new ideas and take on challenging new job assignments
advantages for Maslows hierarcy
businesses can identiify the needs of their employees and provide the means of satisfying these needs in the workplace e.g.
physiological- pay, rest periods, work canteens, holidays, good working conditions
safety- health and safety measures, job security
social- teamworking, organised social events, sports clubs
self-actualisation- providing challenging work, training in new skills
enables all employees needs to be catered for, means that all employees should be more hiighly motivated
disadvanatges of Maslows hierarcy
it may not be the whole answer to the motivation of employees at work. some people have a lowlevel ambition and may only want lower needs met, they may not instreted in ego, esteem and fulfiment
some levels do not apply at all to some perople. creative people may be motivated by higher level needs when others basic needs are not satisfied
money is deemed as a basic need, may also indicate prestige or status and so it will not assume less importance until a worker feels that he or she has attained a sufficently hifgh monetary reward to project the desired status
what was Herzberg hygiene factors
factors that can lead to workers being dissatisfied improving hygiene factors should remove dissastisfaction, however unlikely to motivate a person but could fall into productivity
motivating factors for Herzberg
factors which give workers job satisfaction, which could lead to workers being more productive
factors which motivate
sense of achievement
chance of promtion
chnace of promotion
chce of improvment
recognition of effort
responsiblilty
nature of the job itself
what would happen if hygine factors were not acceptable?
absenteeism
poor levels of output
resistance to change
obstruction and other negative work practies
advanatges of Herzberg
organisations can identify any hygiene factors that exist in their workplace and attempt to remove them in order to prevent demotivation
a business can also see whether or not sufficent motivators are in place to provide postive motivation for the workforce
job enrichments is where jobs are given more meaning and responsiblilty
monetary methods of motivation
time rate
piece rate
commission
fees
fringe benefits
profit sharing
performance related pay
non-mometary methods of motivation
jopb enrichment
job enlargemnt
job rotation
employee participation and empowerment
qual;ity circles
team working
what is time rates?
this sytem rewards employees for the amount of time that they spend on work. it is caculated by multiplying the number of hours that an emplyee workers by the hourly rate of pay
advantages of time rates
workers do not need to rudh what they are doing therefore the quality of the product is not impared
sometimes overtime may be paid at a higher rate than employees usually recieve
useful when employees are working in groups
disadvantages of time rates
staff who work particularly hardmay resent being paid at the same rate as those who are less productive
workers have no inventive to work hard and time-wasting can occur, this could have even more detrimental effect
what is piece rates?
the system rewards an emplyee according to the quantity of items that an individual produces
advantages of piece rates
this system ensures that employees are rewarded for what they actually do, the employees have an oppourtunity to increase their pay if they produce more
for products that are standardised, this is an ideal way of rewarding employees, although the output must be measurable
less supervision is required to ensure workers work at an acceptable rate
