motion sickness

Question 1

what is motion sickness?

Answer 1

conflicting information between ears and the brain as it gets confused whether the body is moving while its still or vice versa

Question 2

who is most susceptible to motion sickness?

Answer 2

children between 2 and 12, females who are menstruating or pregnant, fatigue,anxiety, being asian, different smells and vehicles

Question 3

what are the symptoms of motion sickness?

Answer 3

nausea/vomiting, pale skin, hyper ventilation, abdominal discomfort, increased salivation and swallowing and a headache.

Question 4

referral criteria for motion sickness

Answer 4

pregnant or breastfeeding, under 8, other medication and drivers.

Question 5

treatment options

Answer 5

antimuscarines (hyoscine butylbromide), antihistamines (promethazine and cinnarazine), accupuncture wrist bands, ginger and peppermint.

Question 6

how do antimuscarines work?

Answer 6

preventing the action of a natural chemical called acetylcholine. this chemical passes messages between the nerves.

Question 7

side effects of antimuscarines?

Answer 7

dry mouth,dry eyes,drowsiness, dizziness,blurred vision, urinary retention and constipation.

Question 8

types of antimuscarines?

Answer 8

hysocine butylbromide

Question 9

what is hyoscine butylbromide and the licensing surrounding it?

Answer 9

used to treat intestinal cramps. duration is only four hours. suitable for 3+. not suitable for those with glaucoma, high bp, urinary probems, heart disease or pregnancy

Question 10

how do antihistamines work with motion sickness?

Answer 10

can cause drowsiness therefore eliminating motion sickness. work for a longer period of time compared to hyoscine butylbromide.

Question 11

types of antihistamines for motion sickness?

Answer 11

promethazine and cinnarazine

Question 12

how does promethazine work and who is it suitable for?

Answer 12

available as promethazine teoclate and promethazine hydrochloride. both take two hours to work and last 24 hours. promethazine teoclate is suitable for 5+ whereas promethazine hydrochloride is suitable for 2+

Question 13

who is cinnarizine suitable for and why is it more appealing?

Answer 13

suitable for 5+ and a low risk of drowsiness

Question 14

how do accupuncture wrist bands work?

Answer 14

work by applying pressure to p6 accupressure points. instantly relieve nausea

Question 15

how does ginger work with motion sickness?

Answer 15

has anti-emetic properties preventing nausea

Question 16

how does peppermint work with motion sickness?

Answer 16

has calming effects on the stomach and can prevent nausea so can be used as an anti-emetic. should be used with caution with pregnancy and children so always refer.