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Abi Science 2017 > Motion in One Dimension > Flashcards

Motion in One Dimension Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vector?

A

A physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What is a scalar?

A

A physical quantity which has magnitude only

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3
Q

What is distance?

A

The length of a path

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4
Q

What is a displacement?

A

A change in the position of something

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5
Q

What is magnitude?

A

The size of a physical quantity

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6
Q

What kind of quality is speed?

A

A scalar

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7
Q

What kind of quality is distance?

A

Scalar

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8
Q

What kind of quality is energy?

A

A scalar

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9
Q

What kind of quality is velocity?

A

A vector

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10
Q

What kind of quality is mass?

A

Scalar

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11
Q

What kind of quality is weight?

A

Vector

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12
Q

How is a vector represented?

A

A straight line-the length of the line represents the magnitude
An arrow head- shows the direction

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13
Q

How is direction described?

A 
Conventional points (Left, right, etc.)
Cardinal points (North, South etc.)
In degrees (measured from the horizontal)
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14
Q

What is a resultant vector?

A

A single vector that has the same effect as all the component vectors together would have

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15
Q

How do you get resultant vectors?

A

Formula first
Replace with numbers
Write the answer with the magnitude and the direction

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16
Q

What is a maximum vector?

A

It is when two vectors act in the same direction, i.e the angle between them is 0°

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17
Q

How do you get the resultant vector of a maximum resultant?

A

Find the sum of the two magnitudes

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18
Q

What is a minimum resultant?

A

It occurs when two vectors act in opposite directions i.e the angle between them is 180°

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19
Q

How do you get the resultant vector of a minimum resultant?

A

Find the difference between the magnitudes of the two vectors

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20
Q

When adding two vectors with opposite directions, how do you show direction?

A

The vector going to the right is positive
The vector going to the left will be negative
If your final answer is positive the resultant vector is to the right
If your final answer is negative, the resultant vector is to the right

21
Q

Explain the difference between displacement and distance

A

Someone walks forward 3m
They then walk backward 3m
Their displacement is 0 (they are in the same place)
Their distance is 6m (that is how far they travelled)

22
Q

How is position measured?

A

Relative to a reference point

23
Q

What kind of quantity is position?

A

A vector

24
Q

What is the symbol for position?

A

X

25
Q

What is a reference point?

A

A starting point for a vector

26
Q

How is displacement represented?

A

By Δx

27
Q

How do you work out displacement?

A

By figuring out what the straight line distance between the reference point and the new position is
The direction in which the body has moved

28
Q

What kind of quantity is displacement?

A

A vector quality

29
Q

How can you change the resultant of two vectors without changing the magnitude?

A

Change the angle between the two vectors

30
Q

What is velocity?

A

Rate of change in displacement divided by time

31
Q

What is speed?

A

Rate of change in distance over time

32
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

Metres per second

And the direction

33
Q

What is speed measured in?

A

Metres per second

No direction

34
Q

What is distance measured in?

A

m

35
Q

What is displacement measured in?

A

Metres from a reference point

36
Q

What happens during acceleration?

A

The speed increases

37
Q

What does a constant velocity mean?

A

For every unit of time, the distance remains the same

38
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

39
Q

What is acceleration measured in?

A

Metres per second squared

40
Q

What is the formula for displacement?

A

Xf-xi= Δx

Final position minus the initial position

41
Q

How do you find average velocity?

A

Find your total displacement

Divide by your total time

42
Q

What is instantaneous velocity?

A

The velocity at a particular moment

43
Q

How is instantaneous velocity calculated?

A

Displacement over an extremely small (almost zero) time interval

44
Q

What is the base unit of speed and velocity?

A

m/s

45
Q

How do you convert km/h to m/s?

A

Divide by 3,6

46
Q

What happens to acceleration when velocity increases?

A

Acceleration is positive

47
Q

What happens to acceleration when velocity decreases?

A

It is negative

48
Q

What two factors could cause negative acceleration?

A

The object is slowing down

The object is speeding up, but in the opposite direction

49
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

A

Velocity acts in a particular direction, speed does not have direction

Abi Science 2017 (18 decks)

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