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Abi Science 2017 > Mathematical Skills > Flashcards

Mathematical Skills Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3,00 x10^8 m.s^-1

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2
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

A

9,10 x10^-31 kg

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3
Q

What is scientific notation?

A

A way of representing numbers in a compact and consistent form

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4
Q

What is the format of scientific notation?

A

A single digit before the comma and two digits after the comma.
Multiplied by ten
With an exponent
If the number was small to start with, the exponent will be negative.
If the number was big to start with, the exponent will be positive

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5
Q

When converting numbers to scientific notation, how do you work out the exponent?

A

Move the comma so that it is after the first natural number value
Leave the next two digits after the comma, rounding off if you have to.
If you had to move the comma to the left, the exponent will be negative.
If you had to move the comma to the right, the exponent will be negative.
Count the number of “jumps” the comma made.
This will be the value of the exponent.

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6
Q

What are SI units?

A

A system of measurement used by scientists. All other units are derived from these.

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7
Q

How many SI units are there?

A

Seven

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8
Q

What do the seven SI units measure?

A 
Length
Time
Mass
Electric current
Temperature
Light intensity 
Amount of matter
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9
Q

What is the measurement for length?

A

Metre

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10
Q

What is the measurement for time?

A

Seconds

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11
Q

What is the measurement for mass?

A

Kilograms

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12
Q

What is the unit for electric current?

A

Ampere

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13
Q

What is the measurement for temperature?

A

Kelvin

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14
Q

What is the measurement for the amount of matter in an object?

A

Mole

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15
Q

What is the symbol for metre?

A

M

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16
Q

What is the symbol for second?

A

s

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17
Q

What is the symbol for kilogram?

A

kg

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18
Q

What is the symbol for Ampere?

A

A

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19
Q

What is the symbol for Kelvin?

A

K

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20
Q

What is the symbol for candela?

A

cd

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21
Q

What is the symbol for mole?

A

mol

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22
Q

What is the lowest measurement of temperature?

A

-273° K

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23
Q

Why is that the lowest temperature?

A

That is when atoms stop moving

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24
Q

What is the metric system?

A

A decimal system of units

25
Q

In the metric system, how do units change in size?

A

By factors of 10

26
Q

What are the ten main prefixes for sizes in the metric system?

A 
pico
nano
micro
milli
centi
deci
kilo
mega
giga
Tera
27
Q

Which prefixes indicate the number is below the base unit?

A 
pico
nano
micro
milli
centi
deci
28
Q

Which prefixes indicate the number is above the base unit?

A

kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera

29
Q

What is the symbol for pico?

A

p

30
Q

What is the symbol for nano?

A

n

31
Q

What is the symbol for micro?

A

μ

32
Q

What is the symbol for milli?

A

m

33
Q

What is the symbol for centi?

A

c

34
Q

What is the symbol for deci?

A

d

35
Q

What is the symbol for kilo?

A

k

36
Q

What exponent does pico indicate?

A

10^-12

37
Q

What exponent does nano indicate?

A

10^-9

38
Q

What exponent does micro indicate?

A

10^-6

39
Q

What exponent does milli indicate?

A

10^-3

40
Q

What exponent does centi indicate?

A

10^-2

41
Q

What exponent does deci indicate?

A

10^-1

42
Q

What exponent does kilo indicate?

A

10^3

43
Q

How do you convert different measurements to the base unit?

A

Replace the prefix by its numerical value

44
Q

How do you convert from a unit to another unit that is not the base unit?

A

Find the difference between the exponents belonging to those units.
Multiply the number by ten to the power of that difference

45
Q

What happens when a unit is squared or cubed and you have to convert it?

A

The conversion factors must also be squared or cubed

46
Q

What do you do when you have to convert from km per hour to m per s?

A

Divide your value by 3,6

47
Q

How do you convert from m per s to km per hour?

A

Multiply by 3,6

48
Q

Why is 3.6 used for this conversion?

A

km/h and m/s
To convert from m->km, x10^-3
To convert from h->s, x60x60
10^-3/3600 =3,6

49
Q

How do you find unknown values in scientific formulae?

A

Substitute the data you have

Make the unknown value the subject of the formula

50
Q

How do you make a variable the subject of a formula?

A

Get the variable on its own on the one side of the equation

51
Q

What are the two types of relationships between variables in an experiment/formula?

A

Direct

Inverse

52
Q

What is a directly proportional relationship?

A

When something happens to one side of the equation, the same thing happens to other side

53
Q

What is an inversely proportional relationship?

A

When something happens to one side of the equation, the opposite will happen to the other

54
Q

How do you recognise a directly proportional relationship in an experiment?

A

When the one value gets bigger or smaller, the same happens to the other value

55
Q

How do you recognise an inversely proportional relationship in an experiment?

A

When the one value gets bigger or smaller, the opposite will happen to the other value.

56
Q

What does a graph of a direct relationship look like?

A

A straight line increasing in height from left to right

57
Q

What does a graph of an inverse relationship look like?

A

A curved line sloping down from left to right

58
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An educated guess as to the outcome of the experiment

59
Q

What does a hypothesis require?

A

It must be a statement
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Controlled variable

Abi Science 2017 (18 decks)

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