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Abi Science 2017 > Chemcial Bonding > Flashcards

Chemcial Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all substances (apart from the noble gases) do?

A

Bond in some way to achieve stability

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2
Q

What are the three broad categories of the different types of bonds?

A

Metallic
Ionic
Covalent

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3
Q

Which elements form a metallic bond?

A

Metals

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4
Q

Which elements form an ionic bond?

A

Metals and non-metals

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5
Q

Which elements form covalent bonds?

A

Non-metals

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6
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

A chemical bond where there is a transfer of electrons

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7
Q

In an ionic bond, what kind of atoms exist?

A

Electron donors

Electron acceptors

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8
Q

What are electron donors?

A

Atoms that will give off electrons in a chemical reaction where an ionic bond will be formed
They will form cations

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9
Q

What are electron acceptors?

A

Atoms that will accept electrons in a chemical reaction where an ionic bond is formed
They will form anions

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10
Q

What do we use to show the formation of an ionic bond?

A

Lewis notation

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11
Q

What does Lewis notation look like?

A

The valence electrons of the atoms in the reaction are shown using dots and crosses
These symbols surround the chemical symbol

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12
Q

How are Lewis diagrams drawn?

A

The valence electrons of both elements are drawn, using dots for the one and crosses for the other
The dots and crosses are filled in starting from the top and going anticlockwise
Hund’s Rule must be followed (no electron pairing until all the orbitals are filled

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13
Q

What is the charge of an ionically bonded compound?

A

The overall charge is neutral
The once atom will be a cation
The one atom will an anion

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14
Q

What is valency?

A

The ability of the valence electron to participate in a reaction

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15
Q

What do Lewis diagrams help to determine?

A

The ratio of an ionic compound

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16
Q

What happens if the valency of two atoms participating in an ionic reaction is not equal?

A

There will have to be multiple numbers of the one atom

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17
Q

What charge do the transition elements usually form?

A

A positive charge of two

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18
Q

What charge does Ag form?

A

A 1+ charge

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19
Q

Why are they called transition elements?

A

Some of them can form different types of charges

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20
Q

How is the type of charge that a transition element will form shown?

A

Using Stock notation

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21
Q

What is Stock notation?

A

Roman numerals
Written in bracket next to the written out form of a transition element
The number represented by Roman numerals is the charge in will form in that reaction

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22
Q

What is another name for polyatomic ons?

A

Radicals

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23
Q

What are radicals?

A

Groups of atoms chemically bonded to one another

They form ions together

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24
Q

Why do radicals occur in many common compounds?

A

They are particularly stable

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25
Q

What does the suffix -ide mean?

A

An individual element in the second word of a compound name

26
Q

What does the suffix -ate mean?

A

Represents a radical contains oxygen

27
Q

What does the suffix -ite mean?

A

A radical containing one less oxygen than the corresponding -ate radical

28
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond where the electrons are shared between the two atoms

29
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of covalently bonded atoms

30
Q

How is a covalent bond drawn using Lewis notation?

A

The dots and crosses representing the shared electron pair (s) of electrons between the chemical symbols of the two atoms
The remaining electrons are drawn around the outside of the element’s symbol

31
Q

What is the pair of electrons that is shared in a covalent bond called?

A

Bonding pair(s) of electrons

32
Q

What are the pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in the covalent bond called?

A

Lone pair(s) of electrons

33
Q

What is another way in which we can show covalent bonds?

A

Couper notation

34
Q

How does Couper notation look?

A

As lines between the two bonded atoms

The number of lines depended on the number of shared electron pairs

35
Q

What is the chemical formula for methane?

A

CH4

36
Q

What determines the number of bonding pairs in a covalent bond?

A

The valency of the participating atoms

37
Q

What is a double bond?

A

It is when there are two bonding pairs between two atoms in a covalent bond

38
Q

What is a triple bond?

A

A covalent bond where there are three bonding pairs shared between two atoms

39
Q

What can indicate the ratio of different elements in a compound?

A

Prefixes

40
Q

When are prefixes used?

A

When there is a covalent bond

41
Q

Why are prefixes necessary for the naming of covalent compounds?

A

Sometimes covalent molecules do not achieve noble gas state, so we need to indicate the number of atoms of a particular element in a covalent compound

42
Q

What prefixes are used in the naming of covalent compounds?

A

Prefixes that indicate number

43
Q

Which prefix indicates that there is one atom of an element in a compound?

A

Mono

44
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are two atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Di

Bi

45
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are three atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Tri

46
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are four atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Tetra

47
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are five atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Penta

48
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are six atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Hexa

49
Q

Which prefix indicates that there are eight atoms of an element in a compound?

A

Octa

50
Q

When are prefixes not used in a covalent bond?

A

When there is only one atom of the first element named in the compound

51
Q

How are electrons arranged in a metallic bond?

A

They are delocalised

52
Q

What are delocalised electrons?

A

Valence electrons that are not associated with any particular metal atom

53
Q

What property allows valence electrons to be delocalised in metallic bond?

A

They lose their valence electrons easily

54
Q

Why can metals conduct electricity?

A

The delocalised electrons in a metal allow for an easy flow of electrons

55
Q

What is the relative mass of a compound?

A

The expected mass of a compound

56
Q

How is the relative mass of a compound found?

A

By adding the average masses of the bonded elements together and multiplying each mass by the number of that particular atom in the compound

57
Q

What is the relative compound mass of a covalent substance called?

A

Relative molecular mass

58
Q

What is the symbol for relative molecular mass?

A

M

59
Q

What is the relative compound mass of an ionic substance called?

A

Relative formula mass

60
Q

What is the symbol for relative formula mass?

A

Ar

61
Q

What is relative molecular mass measured in?

A

Grams per mol

62
Q

What is relative formula mass measured in?

A

Atomic mass units

Abi Science 2017 (18 decks)

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