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December 27th > Motherboards > Flashcards

Motherboards Flashcards

1
Q

Motherboard

A
  • Printed circuit board that contains computer components and provides connectors
  • speed measured in MHz or Ghz
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2
Q

Four basic functions of a computer

A
  • Input: Process of accepting data in a form that the computer can use
  • Output: Process of displaying the processed data or information
  • Processing: Actions performed by the CPU when receiving information. Processing is conducted by the CPU or GPU
  • Storage: Process of saving or retaining digital data, temporarily or permanently (Two types: temporary (non persistent) or (Permanent (persistent))
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3
Q

Examples of four basic functions

A
  • Input: keyboard, mouse
  • Output: Monitor, speakers
  • processing: multiplying output on a display, video games
  • storage
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4
Q

Non-Persistent

A
  • Temporary, volatile
  • lost when powered off
  • Cache or RAM
  • speed measured in GHz
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5
Q

Persistent

A
  • Permanent, non volatile
  • data preserve when powered off
  • can be overwritten
  • HDD, SDD, USB, TApe backup, FLoppy disk drives
  • Speed measured in MHz
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6
Q

Motherbpard Types )Form factors)

A
  • All can be put in ful size (ATX case)
  • ATX
  • Mini ATX
  • Micro ATX
  • Mini ITX
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7
Q

Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX)

A
  • Expansion slots run parallel to shorter side of board.
  • Up to 7 slots
  • Only works in larg cases or towers
  • Rear port cluster
  • Full size
  • 12”X 9.6” (305mm x 244 mm)
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8
Q

Mini-ATX

A
  • Same features as ATX (slots parallel, port cluster)
  • 11.2” x 8.2” (284mm x 208 mm)
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9
Q

Micro-ATX (mATX)

A
  • 9.6 inches squared (244mm x 244mm)
  • Same features as full size
  • only 4 expansion card slots
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10
Q

Information Technology eXtended (ITX)

A

Designed as a replacement for the ATX but never produced

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11
Q

Mini-ITX

A
  • 6.7” x 6.7” (170 x 170mm
    squared)
  • Only one slot (runs parallel to short side of board
  • meant for small cases
  • same screw holes as ATX board so can use in ATX case
  • Other types: Nano, Pico, and Mobile
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12
Q

Form Factor

A

Shape, layout, and type of case in a power supply

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13
Q

CPU

A
  • Central Processing unit
  • Two main manufactures (Intel and AMD)
  • Brains of computer
  • execute the different programing codes
    in the software and firmware
  • performing the basic operations for every instruction in the
    compute
  • Once the processor has done the execution of the instruction, it will send
    that information back to the memory so that it can be stored and used
    for later use

3 Types
- X86
- X64
- Advanced RISC Machine ARM

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14
Q

X86 (IA-32)

CPU- Processor

A
  • Developed by Intel
  • 8, 16, or 32 bit instruction set
  • can only support 4 GB of RAM
  • can only run 32 bit programs
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15
Q

X64

CPU - Processor

A
  • Supports 64 bit instruction sets
  • Brand names: AMD 64 or Intel 64
  • can run 32 and 64 but programs (most are 64)
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16
Q

ARM

CPU - Processor

A
  • Advanced RISC Machine (ARM)
  • RISC (Reduced Intruction Set Computing)
  • Used for low power devices (tablets and phones)
  • systems that are not windows based use this processor (Apple devices, Android, and chromebook
  • Apple uses ARM chip M!, M1 pro, M1 max, and M2 is the most recent

Features
- extend battery life
- Produces less heat (good for systems that need a lot of cooling like Smart TVs, Speakers, newer laptops
- Use smaller number of instructions to do tasks.
- Rely on code (more things with less code)
- Becoming more popular

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17
Q

ZIF

A
  • Zero insertion force
  • The ability to insert the CPU without pressing down and applying pressure to it
  • If you bend, snap, or break a pin from a processor, the entire processor is no longer functional
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18
Q

Intel

Processor brand

A
  • Uses Land grid array (LGA) Socket: If you bend, snap, or break a pin from a processor, the entire processor is no longer functional
  • Uses ZIF
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19
Q

AMD

Processor brand

A
  • Uses a Pin Grid Array (PGA) socket: The processor has the pins and the socket have holes which allows the holes to align when installing the processor
  • Uses ZIF
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20
Q

Single socket

type of motherboard

A
  • Desktop/Laptops
  • Can only support one processor
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21
Q

Mutli socket

type of motherboard

A
  • Multiple CPUs on motherboard
  • workstations/Servers
  • ## will be a LGA or PGA
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22
Q

You generally cannot upgrade or change out the processor on a mobile device like a smartphone, tablet, or laptop

True or false

A
  • True - these tend to be soddered into place so the process can’t be physically removed from the motherboard
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23
Q

Intel desktop socket designs

A
  • LGA 2011
  • LGA 1151
  • LGA 2066

these are examples and are not all

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24
Q

AMD desktop socket designs

A
  • AMD2
  • AMD3
  • AMD4

these are examples and are not all

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25
Q

CPU (processor) features

A
  • Multi-threading
  • Symmetric multi-processing
  • Single core
  • Multi core
  • Virtualization support
26
Q

Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) (AMD) / Hyper-threading (intel)

A

Single stream of instructions is being sent by a software application to a
processor
▪ Manufacturers developed a way to allow software to run multiple parallel
threads at the same time
- ability to do multiple

27
Q

Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP)

A

Traditional workstation and servers have multiple processors
- To do this you need a motherboard that has two-four processor sockets and then youed install two or four processors into that motherboard (all processors or cpus need to be the same type and speed so they can ork together
- OS needs to know how to use more than one processor (ost didnt do that)

28
Q

Multi-core Processors

A
  • Single CPU with multiple processors inside
  • Multiple processors have multiple cores inside the CPU
29
Q

Dual-core Processor

A

Two CPUs inside a single chip

30
Q

Quad-core Processor

A

Four CPUs inside a single chip

31
Q

Hexa-core Processor

A

Six CPUs inside a single chip

32
Q

Octa-core Processor

A

Eight CPUs inside a single chip

33
Q

Virtualization technologies

A

VT (Intel)
AMD-V (AMD)
- both provide processor extesion to support virtualization

34
Q

Virtualization

A
  • the ability to have a computer pretend that it’s running mulitple other computer inside of itself
  • think it is a full computer
  • can choose number processors
  • Virtualization software programs: VMware, Virtual Box, Parallels, etc.
35
Q

Intel virtualization hardware support

A

Extended Page Table (EPT)

36
Q

AMD virtualization hardware support

A

Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI)

37
Q

add picture

CPU socket

A

CPU socket

38
Q

Add pictures

Memory sockets

A
39
Q

Mainboard power

add picture

A
40
Q

CPU power socket

add picture

A
41
Q

Case fan socket

add puctures

A
42
Q

USB header port/ USB jumper

Add picture

A

different pin outs

43
Q

SATA ports

Add picture

A
44
Q

power LED connector

A
45
Q

Audio header port

A
46
Q

Expansion card slots

A
47
Q

m.s connector

add picture

A
48
Q

CMOS battery

add picture

A
  • lasts about three years
  • if daty/ time is off its time to change
49
Q

port cluster

add picture

A
  • USB 2.0
  • USB ss blue
  • USB ss higher speed red
  • PS/2 port
  • HDMI
  • Display port
  • RJ-45 network jack
  • USB-C
  • Wifi antenna
  • audio cluster
  • ## SPDIF
50
Q

Expansion card types

A
  1. PCIe (PCI Express)
  2. Mini PCIe (Mini PCI Express)
51
Q

PCI

A
  • the first 32-bit expansion cards
  • older technology
  • Max bus speed 33 (33 Million cycles) MHz (133 MBps)
  • In each second you can send 4B 33 million times)
    -32 bits / 8 = 4 B
  • used for networking cards and audio cards
  • not good for graphics
52
Q

PCI-X

A
  • 64 bit
  • 133 MHz
  • used for networking cards and audio cards
  • not good for graphics
53
Q

PCI-X 2.0

A
  • 64 bit
  • 266 to 533 MHz
54
Q

AGP

A
  • Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
  • Used for video graphics cards
  • Comes in four different slots. depending on which slot used determines power and speed.
    ● AGP 1x
    ● AGP 2x
    ● AGP 4x
    ● AGP 8x
55
Q

PCIe

A
  • PCIe (PCI Express)
  • replaces PCI, PCI-X, and AG- Only going to find PCIe slots in modern motherboards
  • X”#”: how long bus is and tells how much data being pushed.
    Four sizes
  • PCIe x1 (shorter and send small data
    -PCIe x4
  • PCIe x8
  • PCIe x16 (Graphics car
56
Q

PCIe x1

A

Use cases: Modems, network cards, wireless cards,
input/output devices, and audio cards
- slower than x16
How to identify
- Shorter than PCIe x16
- will fit into x1 and x16 slots but will down grade to speed of x1 card (Upplugging: smaller card into larger slot)

57
Q

PCIe x16

A
  • Use cases: video graphics cards
  • Supports large amount of data and very fast speeds
  • Can put into lower slots if it fits (x1, x4, and x8) (Down Plugging: larger card iinto smaller slot) but will only work at lower speeds
    How to identify
  • Longer than PCIe x1
58
Q

What is PCIe and what does it stand for?

A
  • Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)
  • Connects to the bus to get data to and from the motherboard for
    external devices
  • “Point to point access”: Has direct access to motherboard without sharing the bus (Unlike usb)
  • The reason why its called “x” somthing is because its talking about how many lanes of traffic dedicated to those devices
  • total number of lanes is determined by motherboard form factor (16, 24, 32 lanes)
  • Slots can not go over MB supported of lanes
  • E.g. if two x16 slots (16 +16 is 32) and MB supports 24 lanes…MB will slow down to 24 lanes b/c that is what it supports (E.g. 3 lanes and 3 cars (good). 3 lanes 4 cars (slower/traffic)
  • x16 and x1 maximizes number of lanes that an be used
  • when looking at different version of PCIe (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0) the higher the version the faster the speed
  • all PCIe slots provide 25 watts of power by default
  • some MB have dedicated graphic slot for x16 (May be colored differently or labeled differently)
59
Q

Add picture of PCIe x1 (1.) and x16 (2.) on MB

A
  1. PCIe x1
  2. PCIe x16
60
Q

Mini PCIe

A

Standard PCIe card with smaller form factor
▪ Mini PCIe cards are used inside of laptops, specifically for wireless
networking

61
Q

For exam: PCIe

A

Look
uses
differents in speed

December 27th (12 decks)

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