Motavation And Leaderhship Methods Flashcards
what are the three motivational ideas you must learn
Maslow
Taylor
Herzburg
whats is Taylor’s theory of motivation
His Theory of Scientific Management argued the following:
•Workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control
•Therefore managers should break down production into a series of small tasks
•Workers should then be given appropriate training and tools so they can work as efficiently as possible on one set task.
•Workers are then paid according to the number of items they produce in a set period of time- piece-rate pay.
•As a result workers are encouraged to work hard and maximise their productivity.
whats is Herzburg theory of motivation
Herzberg had close links with Maslow and believed in a two-factor theory of motivation consisting of hygiene factors.
Motivators are more concerned with the actual job itself. For instance how interesting the work is and how much opportunity it gives for extra responsibility, recognition and promotion. Hygiene factors are factors which ‘surround the job’ rather than the job itself. For example a worker will only turn up to work if a business has provided a reasonable level of pay and safe working conditions but these factors will not make him work harder at his job once he is there.
what are some of the methods herzburg says you could use to motivate workers
Job enlargement –
workers being given a greater variety of tasks to perform (not necessarily more challenging) which should make the work more interesting.
Job enrichment -
involves workers being given a wider range of more complex and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work. This should give a greater sense of achievement.
Empowerment-
means delegating more power to employees to make their own decisions over areas of their working life.
what is Maslow’s theory of motivation
Maslow focused on the psychological needs of employees. Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels in a hierarchy of human needs that employees need to have fulfilled at work.
Key summary for Maslow:
Workers motivated by having each level of need met in order as they move up the hierarchy
Levels of needs are: Physical, Security, Social, Self-esteem, Self-fulfilment. (this order is the bottom of the pyramid to the top)
Workers must have lower level of needs fully met by firm before being motivated by next level
what are the benefits of having motivated staff
Better productivity (amount produced per employee). This can lead to lower unit costs of production and so enable a firm to sell its product at a lower price
Lower levels of absenteeism as the employees are content with their working lives
Lower levels of staff turnover (the number of employees leaving the business). This can lead to lower training and recruitment costs
Improved industrial relations with trade unions
Motivated employees are likely to improve product quality or the customer service associated with a product
name some financial methods of motivating staff
piece rate
commission
salary schemes
performance related pay
what is a commission
Commission is a payment made to employees based on the value of sales achieved. It can form all or (more often) part of a pay package.
what are salary schemes
Final salary schemes are a type of defined benefit pension scheme that are offered by employers. The benefits you receive at retirement are based on your earnings and your length of membership in the scheme.
what is performance related pay
Performance-related pay is a financial reward to employees whose work is considered to have reached a required standard, and/or above average.
In what situation should you use each theory
If your workforce is skilled then money isn’t a big motivator for them as they can easily (most the time) find another job that pays better (depending on the state of the economy) money is more a reason for them to stay with you, so a with skilled workers the theory you should apply is Herzberg or Maslow as these two focus on motivating workers without monetary rewards and more with job enrichment, job enlargement, and empowerment and Maslow with satisfying the needs of the workers.
For relatively low skilled workers, monetary methods like Taylors would be effective as the money given to them would be more important to them than them liking their job although this doesn’t mean that using the other methods as well wouldn’t work.
The state of the economy can effect this as well as, if for example there is a recession, people can struggle financially so motivating them with money would be effective as the extra money would help them out which will in turn help your business out during the recession as motivated customers are more useful to the business.
what is decentralisation
Decentralisation is a type of organisational structure in which daily operations and decision-making responsibilities are delegated by top management to middle and lower-level managers within the organisation, allowing top management to focus more on major decisions.
what is centralisation
Centralisation refers to the hierarchical level within an organisation that has authority to make decisions. When decision making is kept at the top level, the organisation is centralised
what is soft HR
abbreviation for soft human resources management: an employee management system in which workers are considered an important resource for a company’s growth, they are looked after, and their skills are developed.
what is hard HR
Treats employees simply as a resource of the business (like machinery & buildings)
Strong link with corporate business planning – what resources do we need, how do we get them and how much will they cost
