Calculations / Formulae Flashcards
How do you find contribution per unit?
Selling price - Variable costs
Price elasticity formula?
Change in demand / Change in price
Income elasticity formula?
Change in demand / Change in income
Revenue formula?
Selling price x units sold
Profit formula?
Total revenue - Total costs
OR
Total contribution - Fixed costs
Total costs formula?
Total variable costs + Fixed costs
What’s another name for fixed costs?
Overheads
Total contribution per unit formula?
Contribution per unit x units sold
OR
Total revenue minus Total variable costs
Market capitalisation
Current market share price x Number shares issued
Expected values (decision tree)
Expected value of a decision with two possible outcomes - A & B =
[Pay-off of A × probability of A] + [Pay-off of B × probability of B]
N.B. Probability of A + Probability of B = 1.0
Net gain
Expected value - Initial cost of decision
Sales value
Selling price x quantity sold (also known as Revenue or turnover)
Market size
Market size by volume is the quantity of goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time usually one year. Market size value is the total sales revenue generated from selling all of the goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time usually one year.
Market growth
Change in the size of the market/original size of the market x 100
Sales growth
change in sales/original amount sold
x 100
Market share
Sales of one product OR brand OR business/Total sales in the ×100 market
Labour productivity
Output per time period/Number of employees
Unit costs
Total costs of production/Number of units of output produced
Capacity utilisation
Actual output in a given time period/Maximum possible output in a x100 given time period
Lead time
Time between placing an order and the order arriving
Return on investment
Return on investment (£)/Cost
of the investment (£) ×100
Gross Profit
Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales
Operating profit
Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales - Operating Expenses
Profit for the year
Operating profit + Profit from other activities - Net finance costs -Tax