Calculations / Formulae Flashcards

1
Q

How do you find contribution per unit?

A

Selling price - Variable costs

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2
Q

Price elasticity formula?

A

Change in demand / Change in price

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3
Q

Income elasticity formula?

A

Change in demand / Change in income

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4
Q

Revenue formula?

A

Selling price x units sold

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5
Q

Profit formula?

A

Total revenue - Total costs
OR
Total contribution - Fixed costs

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6
Q

Total costs formula?

A

Total variable costs + Fixed costs

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7
Q

What’s another name for fixed costs?

A

Overheads

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8
Q

Total contribution per unit formula?

A

Contribution per unit x units sold
OR
Total revenue minus Total variable costs

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9
Q

Market capitalisation

A

Current market share price x Number shares issued

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10
Q

Expected values (decision tree)

A

Expected value of a decision with two possible outcomes - A & B =
[Pay-off of A × probability of A] + [Pay-off of B × probability of B]
N.B. Probability of A + Probability of B = 1.0

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11
Q

Net gain

A

Expected value - Initial cost of decision

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12
Q

Sales value

A

Selling price x quantity sold (also known as Revenue or turnover)

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13
Q

Market size

A

Market size by volume is the quantity of goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time usually one year. Market size value is the total sales revenue generated from selling all of the goods and services produced in a particular market over a period of time usually one year.

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14
Q

Market growth

A

Change in the size of the market/original size of the market x 100

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15
Q

Sales growth

A

change in sales/original amount sold

x 100

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16
Q

Market share

A

Sales of one product OR brand OR business/Total sales in the ×100 market

17
Q

Labour productivity

A

Output per time period/Number of employees

18
Q

Unit costs

A

Total costs of production/Number of units of output produced

19
Q

Capacity utilisation

A

Actual output in a given time period/Maximum possible output in a x100 given time period

20
Q

Lead time

A

Time between placing an order and the order arriving

21
Q

Return on investment

A

Return on investment (£)/Cost

of the investment (£) ×100

22
Q

Gross Profit

A

Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales

23
Q

Operating profit

A

Sales Revenue - Cost of Sales - Operating Expenses

24
Q

Profit for the year

A

Operating profit + Profit from other activities - Net finance costs -Tax

25
Net cash flow
cash inflow – cash outflow
26
Break-even output
Fixed costs/Contribution per unit
27
Margin of safety
Actual level of output - Breakeven level of output
28
Budget variance
The difference between an actual and a budgeted figure. Favourable variance results in profits being higher than forecast. Adverse variance results in profits being lower than forecast.
29
Gross profit margin, operating profit margin, profit for the year margin:
Take the appropriate profit figure, divide by sales revenue and multiply by 100
30
Labour turnover
Number of staff leaving during the year/Average number of staff employed by the business during the year x100
31
Labour productivity
Output per time period/Number of employees
32
Labour costs as a % of turnover
Labour costs/Sales turnover x 100
33
Labour cost per unit
Labour costs/Units of output