Most of the topic

Question 1

How is body temperature monitored?

Answer 1

• Thermoregulatory center in the brain. The thermoregulatory center has receptors that are sensitive to temperature.
• The skin has receptors that detect temperature and send impulses to the thermoregulatory center

Question 2

What happens if the body temperature is to high?

Answer 2

• Blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) so that they are closer to the skin
• Sweat is produced from the sweat glands
• These two things cause transfer of heat from the body to the environment

Question 3

What happens if the body temperature is too low?

Answer 3

• Blood vessels constrict (vasoconstriction)
• Sweating stops
• Muscles contract (shivering)
• Hairs stand up to trap an insulating layer of air

Question 4

Which gland is the master gland and what does it do?

Answer 4

The pituitary gland. Secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions

Question 5

What are the glands in the human body?

Answer 5

Pituitary gland
Thyroid 
Pancreas
Adrenal gland
Ovaries
Testes

Question 6

Which organ is responsible for monitoring the blood glucose levels?

Answer 6

Pancreas

Question 7

What happens when the blood glucose level is too high?

Answer 7

Pancreas produces the hormone insulin that causes glucose to move from the blood to the cells

Question 8

In which parts of the body is the glucose converted into glycogen for storage?

Answer 8

Liver and muscles

Question 9

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 9

• The pancreas can’t produce enough insulin
• Characterized by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
• Treated by insulin injections

Question 10

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

• The cells don’t respond to the insulin produced by the pancreas
• Treated by a controlled diet and exercise
• Obesity

Question 11

What happens if the blood glucose is to low?

Answer 11

• Pancreas produces hormone glucagon, causes glycogen to be converted back into glucose and released into the blood

Question 12

In what ways is water lost?

Answer 12

Breathing
Urinating
Sweat
There is no control over water, ion or urea loss by the lungs or skin

Question 13

What is lost through sweat?

Answer 13

Water, ions and urea

Question 14

Which organ removes excess water, ions and urea from the blood?

Answer 14

Kidneys

Question 15

What happens if cells lose or gain too much water?

Answer 15

They don’t function properly

Question 16

What happens if there is too much protein in someone’s diet?

Answer 16

In the liver the amino acids are deaminated to form ammonia. Ammonia is toxic so it’s converted into urea for safety

Question 17

How do the kidneys produce urine?

Answer 17

Filtration of blood and selective re-absorption of glucose some ions and water

Question 18

What hormone controls the water levels in the body?

Answer 18

ADH

Question 19

Why is ADH released?

Answer 19

When the blood is too concentrated ADH is released by the pituitary gland to cause more water to be absorbed back into the blood from the kidney tubules. Causes the tubules to become more permeable

Question 20

What are the treatments for kidney failure?

Answer 20

Kidney dialysis or transplant

Question 21

What are gibberellins for?

Answer 21

Initiating seed germination

Question 22

What is ethene for?

Answer 22

Controls cell division and ripening of fruits

Question 23

How does filtration in the kidneys happen?

Answer 23

Blood passes through the kidneys, the tubules absorb anything small. As the blood passes through the rest of the kidneys the blood reabsorbs some of the things.

Question 24

What do the tubules absorb?

Answer 24

Water, glucose, amino acids, urea

Question 25

What do the tubules not absorb?

Answer 25

Cells, proteins

Question 26

What things does the blood reabsorb, and what is this called?

Answer 26

All of the glucose, some of the water, no urea reabsorbed

Selective reabsorbtion