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# ‼️ 💯 ‼️ # > MOST COMMON > Flashcards

MOST COMMON Flashcards

1
Q

most common hair shaft disorder associated with breakage

A

Trichorrhexis nodosa (TN)

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2
Q

Most commonly lost antigen in T-cell lymphoma

A

CD7

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3
Q

most common infection found in AD

A

Superficial Staphylococcus aureus infections

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4
Q

most common form of CTCL

A

Mycosis fungoides

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5
Q

most common infections present in nummular eczema

A

dental caries and upper respiratory tract infections

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6
Q

what are the most common sites of involvement of LSC

A

scalp, the nape of the neck, the ankles, the extensor aspects of the extremities, and the anogenital and vulvar regions

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7
Q

most common allergen associated with eyelid dermatitis

A

gold

accounting for isolated eyelid dermatitis

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8
Q

most common cause of contact allergy in patch-tested patients with cheilitis

A

fragrance allergens (such as fragrance mix and Myroxylon pereirae [balsam of Peru])

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9
Q

most common class of allergens to cause ACD of the feet

A

rubber-related chemicals (such as mercaptobenzothiazole, carbamates, thiurams, black rubber mix, and mixed dialkyl thioureas)

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10
Q

most frequently patch test-positive allergen worldwide

A

Nickel

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11
Q

most common cosmetic allergen

A

quaternium-15

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12
Q

2 most commonly implicated ACD in topical antibiotics

A

neomycin and bacitracin

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13
Q

Pustular reactions indicate an irritant reaction and are most commonly encountered with what substances

A

metallic salts such as potassium dichromate, cobalt, nickel, gold, and copper

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14
Q

Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as ___________ at the site of a positive test reaction, and __________from tape application

A

Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as itching at the site of a positive test reaction, and irritation or pruritus from tape application

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15
Q

Patch test reactions that persist for more than 1 month (>30 days) are considered persistent patch test reactions; this occurs most commonly from what?

A

gold salts in a gold-sensitive patient

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16
Q

most common occupational irritant

A

Wet work (water or water plus detergent)

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17
Q

best treatment option for ICD

A

avoidance of irritants

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18
Q

in infantile seb derm, what is the most commonly affected site?

A

Vertex scalp

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19
Q

most commonly involved sites for ICD given their interaction with the environment and opportunities for irritant exposure

A

exposed hands

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20
Q

most common presentation of tularemia

A

ulceroglandular form, where an ulcer arises at the site of inoculation and regional lymphadenopathy develops

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21
Q

most common subtype of PRP

A

Type I (classic adult)

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22
Q

most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides

A

Secondary infection

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23
Q

PR is most common in

A

teenagers and young adults

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24
Q

Herald patch most commonly occurs where?

A

trunk (50%) followed by the extremities and neck

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25
Q

most common form of oral lesions in pityriasis rosea

A

Ulcerations

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26
Q

most common areas of involvement of lichen planus

A

flexural wrists, arms, and legs

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27
Q

Hypertrophic lichen planus occurs most commonly where?

A

anterior shins and interphalangeal joints

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28
Q

Atrophic lichen planus is most common where?

A

proximal lower extremity and trunk

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29
Q

Follicular lichen planus occurs most commonly where?

A

scalp

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30
Q

In mucosal LP, where is the most common site of involvement?

A

buccal mucosa is the most common site of involvement followed by the tongue and gingiva

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31
Q

What is the most common form of mucosal LP?

A

reticular form

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32
Q

most common cause of desquamative gingivitis

A

oral lichen planus

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33
Q

most commonly affected with annular lesions of lichen planus

A

glans penis

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34
Q

most common findings of nail lichen planus

A
  • diffuse nail involvement with thinning, longitudinal ridging, and distal nail splitting (onychoschizia)
  • Pterygium or forward growth of the eponychia with adherence to the proximal nail plate is a classic finding in nail lichen planus involving the matrix.
  • Di kasama sa most common yung pterygium!
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35
Q

Oral lichenoid eruptions are most commonly related to what?

A

dental restorations metals such as mercury, silver, and gold

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36
Q

The most common locations of lichen nitidus

A

extremities (75% to 77%) and the trunk (9% to 21%)

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37
Q

Most common form of granuloma annulare

A

annular or arcuate lesion

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38
Q

organs most commonly afflicted in sarcoidosis

A

lungs

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39
Q

most common presentation of sarcoidosis

A

papular

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40
Q

most common complaint of sarcoidosis

A

cosmetic disfigurement

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41
Q

most common presentation of ocular sarcoidosis

A

uveitis

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42
Q

drug-induced Sweet syndrome—is most commonly associated with?

A

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

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43
Q

MC hematologic malignancy associated with sweet syndrome

A

acute myelogenous leukemia

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44
Q

MC visceral malignancy with sweet syndrome

A

genitourinary organs, breast, and gastrointestinal tract

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45
Q

most common locations of Giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome

A

upper leg and buttocks

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46
Q

MC infections associated with sweet syndrome

A

upper respiratory tract (streptococcosis) and the gastrointestinal tract (salmonellosis and yersiniosis)

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47
Q

most common acquired heart disease in children

A

Kawasaki Disease

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48
Q

Most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides

A

secondary infection

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49
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum MC locations depending on the type

A
  • Ulcerative - leg
  • Bullous - upper limbs
  • Pustular - trunk
  • Vegetative - trunk
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50
Q

most common and originally described variant of PG

A

Ulcerative PG

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51
Q

PG commonly associated with hematologic disease

A

Bullous PG

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52
Q

most common site for cancer in oral lichen planus

A

tongue followed by the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and, rarely, the lip

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53
Q

most common locations of giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome

A

upper leg and buttocks

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54
Q

MC subtype of hematologic malignancy associated with PG

A

acute myeloid leukemia

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55
Q

MC immune dysfunction associated with Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease)

A

immunoglobulin [Ig] A monoclonal gammopathy

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56
Q

usually the first sign of Schnitzler syndrome and can precede the other symptoms for years

A

* Recurrent urticarial skin lesions
* second most common symptom is intermittent fever

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57
Q

most common and the first genetically characterized monogenic autoinflammatory disorder

A

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)

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58
Q

most common known inherited periodic fever syndrome

A

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)

2nd - TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME

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59
Q

Most common osteoarticular manifestations of SAPHO syndrome

A

oligoarthritis (affecting sternocostal and sternoclavicular joints, sacroiliac joints, knees, and ankles) and osteitis (anterior chest wall, such as the sternum, clavicle, and ribs, presenting with pain, tenderness, and sometimes swelling over the affected areas)

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60
Q

Mastocytosis is usually associated with what somatic activating mutations

A

** c-kit **with the 816 codon mutation being most common

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61
Q

most common form of systemic mastocytosis

A

Indolent systemic mastocytosis

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62
Q

Originally described in children and is the most common skin manifestation of childhood-onset cutaneous mastocytosis

A

Urticaria Pigmentosa

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63
Q

Mastocytosis - Extracutaneous disease is extremely uncommon in children, but when present, what is tha most frequent?

A

GI symptoms

GI symptoms in adults ranges from 25% to 70%. Diarrhea is the most common symptom and may result from gastric hypersecretion, increased motility, and/or malabsorption

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64
Q

most common cause of erythema multiforme

A

HSV

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65
Q

During the acute phase, what is the most common complication of epidermal necrolysis

A

sepsis

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66
Q

most common form of drug eruptions, accounting for approximately 95% of skin reactions

A

Exanthematous eruptions, sometimes referred to as morbilliform or maculopapular

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67
Q

what is the most common serologic abnormality in drug-induced lupus

A

positivity for antinuclear antibodies with a homogenous pattern

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68
Q

most common drugs associated with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus

A

terbinafine, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and ranitidine

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69
Q

most common symptom associated with erythema annulare centrifugum

A

pruritus

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70
Q

MC associated conditions with EAC

A

superficial dermatophyte infection (13%), pregnancy (5%), thyroid cancer (5%), and medication use (5%)

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71
Q

most common antibiotics used to treat Lyme disease

A

doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime

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72
Q

MC skin finding in trichothiodystrophy

A

MC skin finding: ichthyosis
2nd - photosensitivity

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73
Q

most common malignancy reported with acquired ichthyosis

A

Hodgkin disease

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74
Q

most common form of diffuse keratoderma

A

Epidermolytic PPK (EPPK)

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75
Q

most common type of PPK in the Asian population

A

Nagashima-type PPK

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76
Q

most common manifestation of plantar keratoderma

A

focal PPK (FPPK) with calluses over weight-bearing areas

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77
Q

most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis

A

SCC

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78
Q

most common skin lesions observed in pemphigus vulgaris

A

erosions resulting from broken blisters

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79
Q

neoplasms most commonly associated with PNP

A

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Castleman disease

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80
Q

most common autoimmune blistering disorder

A

Bullous pemphigoid

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81
Q

MC locations of BP lesions

A

flexural surfaces, the lower abdomen, and the thighs

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82
Q

Localized BP most commonly occur where?

A

lower legs

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83
Q

most common drug that is associated with the development of linear IgA bullous dermatosis

A

Vancomycin

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84
Q

most common nonimmediate hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin

A

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis

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85
Q

Primary lesion of DH

A

rythematous papule, an urticaria-like plaque, or, most commonly, a vesicle

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86
Q

most common form of epidermolysis bullosa

A

LOCALIZED EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX/ Weber-Cockayne subtype of EBS

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87
Q

MC areas affected in Localized EBS

A

hands and feet being the most common and the scalp being the least common.

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88
Q

most common form of CCLE

A

classic DLE skin lesion

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89
Q

Mucosal DLE occurs in approximately 25% of patients with CCLE.

What is most frequently affected?

A

** oral mucosa**

however, nasal, conjunctival, and genital mucosal surfaces can be targeted. In the mouth, the buccal mucosal surfaces are most commonly involved, with the palate, alveolar processes, and tongue being sites of less frequent involvement

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90
Q

most common pulmonary manifestation in DM

A

ILD

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91
Q

most common radiographic and histologic pattern in DM

A

nonspecific interstitial pneumonia

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92
Q

most common internal organ involvement in patients suffering from both limited and diffuse SSc

A

GI involvement

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93
Q

most common pediatric subtype of morphea

A

Linear morphea

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94
Q

MC subtype of morphea in adults

A

Circumscribed and generalized

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95
Q

MC Extracutaneous manifestation of morphea patients

A

Musculoskeletal involvement

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96
Q

most common nail finding in PsA

A

nail pitting

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97
Q

infectious agents most commonly implicated in reactive arthritis

A

GI pathogens (Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Clostridium difficile) as well as venereal urogenital infection (Chlamydia trachomatis)

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98
Q

most common dermatologic finding in RA

A

rheumatoid nodule

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99
Q

most commonly identified infection in scleredema

A

Streptococcal infection

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100
Q

Most common symptoms of xerosis

A

nonspecific pruritus

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101
Q

most common neurologic manifestation in sjogren syndrome

A

peripheral axonal polyneuropathies

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102
Q

Most common form cranial neuropathy in Sjogren Syndrome

A

unilateral trigeminal neuropathy

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103
Q

most common ocular manifestations of relapsing polychondritis

A

Episcleritis and scleritis

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104
Q

most common causes of secondary anetoderma

A

acne and varicella

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105
Q

most common systemic conditions associated with adult-onset APD

A

chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM)

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106
Q

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome - Defects in what type of collagen gene most commonly cause the classical subtype?

A

Type V collagen

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107
Q

most common cause of death in vascular EDS

A

arterial rupture

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108
Q

MC cardiac defect of marfan syndrome

A

Medial necrosis of the aorta is the most common defect and diffuse dilation of the proximal segment of the ascending aorta with aortic regurgitation often occurs

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109
Q

most common cutaneous manifestations of Marfan syndrome

A

Lack of subcutaneous fat and the presence of striae, most prominent on the upper chest, arms, thighs, and abdomen

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110
Q

most common ophthalmologic finding of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

A

angioid streaks

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111
Q

MC late vascular sequelae in PXE

A

intermittent claudication

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112
Q

MC location of erythema nodosum

A

anterior lower legs and ankles

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113
Q

ost common etiology in pediatric cases of EN

A

streptococcal respiratory tract infections

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114
Q

Erythema induratum most common presentation

A

ulcerated nodules on the calves, and is associated with MTB infection

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115
Q

EI/NV is seen most commonly in

A

young to middle-aged women, as dominant as a 9:1 ratio.

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116
Q

most common form of panniculitis

A

lipodermatosclerosis

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117
Q

most common phenotype to induce panniculitis

A

A1-antitrypsin - ZZ

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118
Q

most common complication of subcutaneous fat of the newborn

A

hypercalcemia

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119
Q

most common cutaneous lesion seen in patients with lipodystrophies

A

acanthosis nigricans in the axillae, groins, neck, and sometimes even on the knuckles, Achilles tendons, and trunk

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120
Q

most common malignancies associated with Peutz jeghers syndrome

A

GI (small intestine, colorectal, stomach, pancreas)

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121
Q

most common location of melasma

A

Melasma - malar and mandibular regions, forehead, chin, and upper lip are most commonly affected—centrofacial (63%: forehead, nose, chin, and upper lip); malar (21%: nose and cheeks); and mandibular (16%: ramus mandibulae) patterns are most common

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122
Q

most common complaint in patients with rosacea

A

Prolonged and frequent flushing is, with erythema

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123
Q

Most common trigger of rosacea

A

sun exposure

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124
Q

most common cause of industrial acne

A

cutting oils

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125
Q

most common form of the ectodermal dysplasias.

A

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

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126
Q

most common involvement in chromhidrosis.

A

Axillary and facial involvement

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127
Q

most commonly affected in fox fordyce disease

A

axillae

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128
Q

Hidradenitis suppurative-associated anogenital SCC is often associated with high-risk human papillomavirus strains, most commonly what HPV?

A

human papillomavirus-16

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129
Q

most common type of hair loss

A

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)

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130
Q

most common type of AGA in women

A

FEMALE PATTERN, LUDWIG TYPE; diffuse thinning of the centroparietal region with maintenance of the frontal hair line

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131
Q

most common cause of diffuse hair loss

A

Telogen effluvium

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132
Q

most common form of hair loss in children

A

Alopecia areata

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133
Q

most common cause of inflammatory and primary cicatricial alopecia

A

DLE, together with lichen planopilaris (LPP)

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134
Q

.Some of the most common drugs that cause lichenoid drug eruption

A

gold, antimalarials, and captopril

Actinic lichenoid drug eruption is confined to sun-exposed sites. The most likely drugs to cause lichenoid drug eruption are quinine and thiazide diuretics

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135
Q

most common form of primary cicatricial alopecia in women of African descent

A

CCCA

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136
Q

MC hair shaft abnormality in netherton syndrome

A

trichorrhexis invaginata

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137
Q

most commonly involved areas in hirsutism

A

upper lip > thighs > lower abdomen > upper back

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138
Q

most common porphyrias to cause hypertrichosis

A

porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic porphyria

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139
Q

most common color change of the nails

A

Leukonychia

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140
Q

most common type of ingrown nail

A

distal–lateral ingrowing of the edge of the big toenail

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141
Q

most common variant of pincer nail

A

distally increasing curvature

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142
Q

Lichen planus rarely affects the periungual skin, most commonly what part?

A

proximal matrix and less frequently the nail bed

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143
Q

most common cause for viral warts of the nail unit

A

Infection with HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7

144
Q

most common sites of nail melanoma

A

Thumbs, big toes, index fingers, and middle fingers

145
Q

most common photodermatosis with a female preponderance typically presenting in the spring

A

Polymorphic light eruption

146
Q

MC primary lesion of PMLE

A

Papular form

147
Q

most commonly reported causative agent of pseudoporphyria

A

Naproxen

148
Q

most common mechanism of burn injury in the outpatient setting

A

scald burns

149
Q

most common mechanism of burn injury in the inpatient setting

A

flame burns

150
Q

most common cause of death in burn patients

A

infection and sepsis

151
Q

associated with the highest risk of death and complications compared to all other burn etiologies

A

Thermal injuries

152
Q

second leading cause of burn injuries and are the most common mechanism of burns in the pediatric population

A

Scalds

153
Q

most commonly used illicit drug

A

Marijuana

154
Q

second most commonly used drug

A

Prescription pain relievers

155
Q

most common site of track marks in intravenous drug use

A

medial vein in the antecubital fossa of the nondominant arm

156
Q

Wound botulism most commonly occurs from?

A

injection of black tar heroin

157
Q

most common agent involved in childhood burns (both accidental and inflicted)

A

hot liquid

158
Q

most common perpetrators in elderly abuse

A

adult children of the abused patient

159
Q

most common tumors of infancy

A

Infantile hemangiomas

160
Q

ost common presentation of spina bifida

A

Myelomeningocele

161
Q

most common branchial cleft anomaly

A

Branchial cysts

the majority arise from the second branchial arch and present along the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the lateral aspect of the neck

162
Q

most common cause of diaper dermatitis

A

Irritant contact dermatitis

163
Q

second most common cause of diaper dermatitis

A

Candidiasis

164
Q

second most common solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma

165
Q

most common dermatophyte in tinea capitis, and oral griseofulvin is the treatment of choice

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

166
Q

most common vascular lesion to develop in pregnancy

A

Spider angiomas

167
Q

most common structural change during pregnancy

A

striae distensae, also known as striae gravidarum or colloquially as stretch marks

168
Q

changes most commonly observed in pregnancy

A

Pigmentary disturbances, including hyperpigmentation, darkening of the linea alba, and melasma

169
Q

the only pregnancy dermatosis that presents without primary skin lesions

A

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

170
Q

MC primary lesion of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

A

Urticaria

171
Q

most common pruritic disorder in pregnancy

A

Atopic eruption of pregnancy comprises approximately 50% of all pregnancy dermatoses

172
Q

most common benign epidermal tumor

A

Seborrheic keratosis

173
Q

Multiple eruptive seborrheic keratoses may be indicative of internal malignancy (Leser-Trélat sign).

What is the MC malignancy?

A

Gastrointestinal malignancy is most common followed by lymphoproliferative disease.

174
Q

most common subtype detected in condylomata

A

The overwhelming majority contained HPV6

175
Q

most common variant of epidermal nevi

A

Keratinocytic epidermal nevi (linear epidermal nevi, linear verrucous epidermal nevi)

176
Q

most common benign tumors found within nevus sebaceus

A

richoblastoma (7% of nevus sebaceous cases) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (5%)

177
Q

most common malignant tumor found within nevus sebaceus

A

BCC

178
Q

most common extracutaneous features of Epidermal nevus syndrome

A

ocular, neurologic, and skeletal systems

179
Q

most commonly affected site of trichofolliculoma

A

nose

180
Q

most common appendage tumor in children

A

Pilomatricoma

head and neck region is the most common site

181
Q
A
182
Q

most common potential malignant lesion of the oral mucosa, with the potential to become oral SCC

A

Leukoplakia

183
Q

most common areas of erythroplakia in the oral cavity

A

soft palate, the floor of the mouth, and the buccal mucosa

184
Q

most common cancers in humans

A

BCC

185
Q

most common form of BCC

A

nodular; then superficial then morpheaform

186
Q

nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found where?

and superficial is most often found where?

A

nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found on the head and neck, and superficial is most often found on the trunk region

187
Q

Most Common Gene Mutated in Sporadic Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

PTCH1

188
Q

most common sites of metastasis of BCC

A

regional lymph nodes, lungs, and bone

189
Q

second most common skin cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

190
Q

most common skin cancer in immunosuppressed organ transplantation recipients worldwide

A

SCC

191
Q

most common inherited pigmentary disorder of the skin

A

Oculocutaneous albinism, which is characterized by impaired melanin biosynthesis

192
Q

most commonly reported symptom of paget’s disease

A

pruritus

193
Q

Most commonly affected sites of MPD and EMPD

A

nilateral nipple/ areola (mammary Paget’s disease [MPD])

vulva, perianal skin, scrotum, and penis (extramammary Paget’s disease [EMPD])

194
Q

most commonly affected area, representing 65% of EMPD cases but less than 2% of all vulvar neoplasms

A

vulva

195
Q

most common subtype, accounting for approximately 70% of all cutaneous melanomas

A

SSM

196
Q

subtype of melanoma most commonly associated with preexisting nevi

A

SSM

197
Q

second most common melanoma subtype and accounts for approximately 15% to 30% of all melanomas.

A

nodular melanoma

198
Q

MC site of nodular melanoma

A

trunk

199
Q

most common location of lentigo maligna

A

chronically sun-exposed face, on the cheeks and nose in particular; the neck, scalp, and ears in men

200
Q

most common site for ALM

A

sole

201
Q

most common primary intraocular malignancy

A

uveal melanoma

202
Q

most common endocrinopathy encountered in LCH

A

Diabetes insipidus

203
Q

most common ocular complication of periocular hemangioma

A

Amblyopia

204
Q

most common extracutaneous site for Infantile Hemangioma

A

liver

205
Q

most common complication of IH

A

Ulceration

206
Q

Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is more common in what disease?

A

kaposiform hemangioendothelioma

may also develop in tufted angioma

207
Q

most common disease-related causes of death of CTCL

A

immunosuppression and opportunistic infections

208
Q

most common form of primary cutaneous lymphoma

A

MF

209
Q

In darker-skinned individuals, this type of MF may be the most common presentation of the disease

A

hypopigmented MF

210
Q

Most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

211
Q

Most common single anatomic site of granular cell tumor

A

tongue

212
Q

most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm and tends to occur in adults without gender predilection

A

Lipoma

213
Q

Hibernoma usually arises in adults and the most common anatomic site is

A

thigh

214
Q

most common cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world

A

Vitamin A deficiency

215
Q

earliest and most common sign of copper deficiency and is a sensitive measure of treatment adequacy

A

Neutropenia

216
Q

most common porphyria

A

PCT

217
Q

only porphyria that can develop in absence of the mutation of the affected enzyme

A

PCT

218
Q

most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum

A

IBD

219
Q

most frequently associated paraproteinemia
in PG

A

IgA

220
Q

most common associated malignancy, and is seen in approximately 20% of patients with AL amyloidosis

A

Multiple myeloma

221
Q

most common malignancies to metastasize to the skin in women

A

breast cancer, followed by colon cancer and melanoma

222
Q

most common skeletal manifestation of NF-1

A

Scoliosis

223
Q

most commonly identified vascular lesion in patients with NF-1

A

renal artery, leading to renovascular hypertension

224
Q

most common form of CNV in children

A

IgA vasculitis

225
Q

Infections and drugs may precipitate episodes of CNV. What are the most commonly recognized infectious agents ?

A

β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium leprae, and hepatitides B and C viruses

226
Q

most common infection associated with CNV

A

Hepatitis C virus

227
Q

most common cutaneous feature in patients with ANCAs

A

palpable purpura

228
Q

Drugs that may cause vasculitis in association with ANCAs.

A

Propylthiouracil and hydralazine

229
Q

most common cutaneous features of polyarteritis nodosa

A

livedo reticularis/racemosa

230
Q

most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations

A

Kawasaki disease

231
Q

most common of the PPDs to occur in children

A

Schamberg disease

232
Q

most common cause of iatrogenic RP

A

β-Adrenergic blockers

233
Q

most common complication of lymphatic malformation

A

Infection

234
Q

most classic symptom of PAD

A

intermittent claudication

235
Q

most common cause of venous valvular failure

A

thrombosis

236
Q

most common cause of superficial purulent skin infections (pyodermas)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

237
Q

Tularemia MC presentation

A

ulceroglandular

238
Q

most frequent cause of SSTIs that present to emergency departments in the US

A

CA-MRSA

239
Q

most common in individuals who have their hands in water for a great deal of time

A

Candidal paronychia

240
Q

The most common causes of whitlow or felon

A

S. aureus and herpes simplex virus

241
Q

most common site of involvement of erythrasma

A

web spaces of the feet, where erythrasma presents as a hyperkeratotic white macerated plaque, especially between the fourth and fifth toes

242
Q

most common cause of pseudocellulitis

A

stasis dermatitis

243
Q

most common staphylococcal toxin associated with TSS

A

TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1), and is the predominant toxin associated with menstrual-associated cases

244
Q

Scarlet fever is a syndrome characterized by exudative pharyngitis, fever, and scarlatiniform rash. It is most commonly caused by

A

pyrogenic exotoxin producing group A Streptococcus

245
Q

most common isolate found in community-acquired necrotizing soft-tissue infections

A

Streptococcus pyogenes, and in hospital-acquired infections, the most common isolates are Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.

246
Q

For patients with diabetes, necrotizing infection caused by what bacteria is described with increased frequency

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

247
Q

most common causative organisms of clostridial myonecrosis

A

Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium septicum

248
Q

Cases related to trauma are most commonly caused by C. perfringens and spontaneous non–trauma-related cases are most commonly caused by

A

C. septicum

249
Q

Clostridial myonecrosis in IV drug users is most commonly caused by

A

C. sordellii and C. novyi subspecies

250
Q

With meningitis, the most common sequela is ?

A

sensorineural hearing loss or deafness

251
Q

most common cause of right-sided infective endocarditis

A

intravenous drug use

252
Q

most common clinical presentations of IE

A

fever and a new cardiac murmur

253
Q

most common cause of IE in high-income countries

A

Staphylococcus aureus for both naïve and prosthetic valves

254
Q

most common of plague, producing large tender lymph nodes (buboes) proximal to the site of fleabite

A

bubonic form

255
Q

Human listeriosis is most common in what population

A

pregnant women, neonates, and patients with AIDS, and in foodborne outbreaks

256
Q

The most common presentation of AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTIONS

A

cellulitis associated with a laceration, often followed by abscess formation or spread to deeper subcutaneous tissues

257
Q

most common cause of disseminated bacterial infections in patients with AIDS in the United States, but is much less frequently so in Europe

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex

258
Q

most commonly affected organ in M. kansasii infection

A

the lung, usually in patients with other pulmonary conditions (silicosis, emphysema)

259
Q

most common causative agent of ACTINOMYCOSIS, usually as part of a polymicrobial infection, mixed with anaerobes and Gram-positive cocci

A

Actinomyces israelii

260
Q

Most common location of actinomycosis

A

cervicofacial (related to dental pathology), followed by chest wall, abdominal, and pelvic involvement.

The most common location is on the jaw angle and high cervical area (60%), followed by the cheek (16%), the chin (13%), and, less commonly, the temporomandibular joint and the retromandibular area.

261
Q

MC agent of NOCARDIOSIS

A

Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides

262
Q

MC agent of ACTINOMYCETOMA

A

Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Streptomyces somaliensis

263
Q

MC agent of EUMYCETOMA

A

Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, Pseudallescheria boydii

264
Q

MC agent of BOTRYOMYCOSIS

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa

265
Q

most common presentation of nocardiosis

A

pulmonary disease

266
Q

Bacteremia resulting from Nocardia is seen in patients with concomitant malignancy. What agent is most commonly isolated?

A

N. asteroides

267
Q
A
268
Q

Which Nocardia species is most commonly associated with lung and systemic disease?

A

N. asteroides

269
Q

What is the most common cause of primary cutaneous nocardiosis?

A

N. brasiliensis

270
Q

Which genera is the most common isolated in superficial fungal infections in the United States?

A

Trichophyton

271
Q

What is the most common cause of dermatophytosis of the skin?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

272
Q

What is the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States?

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

273
Q

Which organism remains the most common cause of tinea capitis in Europe?

A

M. canis

274
Q

What is the most common form of onychomycosis?

A

Distolateral Subungual Type

275
Q

In which age group is tinea capitis most commonly observed?

A

Children between the ages of 3 and 14 years

276
Q

What is the second-most common type of dermatophytosis worldwide?

A

Tinea cruris

277
Q

Which organism is the most common cause of human favus?

A

T. schoenleinii

278
Q

What are the most common dermatophytoses?

A
  • tinea pedis
  • tinea manuum
279
Q

What is the primary pulmonary form of coccidioidomycosis characterized by?

A

A chest infection with fever, cough, and chest pain

280
Q

What is the most common clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis?

A

Meningoencephalitis

281
Q

What is the most common clinical picture associated with Parvovirus B19?

A

Fifth disease

282
Q

What is the most common cause of transient aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias?

A

Parvovirus B19

283
Q

What is the most common complication of intrauterine infection with B19?

A

Nonimmune fetal hydrops

284
Q

What is the most common manifestation of EBV infection in adolescents and adults?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

285
Q

True or False: Viral infections are the most common trigger of GCS.

A

True

286
Q

What is the most common accompanying symptom of Gianotti Crosti syndrome?

A

Pruritus

287
Q

What is the most common congenital viral infection in humans?

A

HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

288
Q

What is the most common complication of a HHV-6 primary infection?

A

Febrile seizure

289
Q

What are the most common causes of aseptic (viral) meningitis?

A
  • Nonpolio enteroviruses
290
Q

What is the most common serious complication associated with HFMD?

A

Aseptic meningitis

291
Q

What are the two most common complications of coxsackievirus A6?

A
  • Desquamation of the hands and feet
  • Onychomadesis
292
Q

What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide?

A

Genital herpes

293
Q

What is the most common cause of ulcerative genital disease?

A

Genital herpes

294
Q

What infections are most commonly associated with a primary HSV-1 infection?

A
  • Herpetic gingivostomatitis
  • Pharyngitis
295
Q

What is the most common precipitating event in cases of recurrent erythema multiforme?

A

Recurrent HSV infection

296
Q

What is the most common debilitating complication of herpes zoster?

A

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)

297
Q

What is the most common complication of varicella in children?

A

Secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions

298
Q

What is accidental vaccinia?

A

Autoinoculation of vaccinia virus from the vaccination site to another area

299
Q

What are the most common causative agents of anogenital warts?

A
  • HPV-6
  • HPV-11
300
Q

What is the most common cause of HIV infection globally?

A

HIV-1

301
Q

What type of therapy is lipohypertrophy most commonly associated with?

A

Protease inhibitor therapy

302
Q

What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV?

A

Tuberculosis

303
Q

What is the most common variant of psoriasis in HIV patients?

A

Plaque psoriasis

304
Q

What is the most common and feared complication of chikungunya?

A

Chronic, episodic polyarthralgia or polyarthritis

305
Q

What is the most common presentation of Chikungunya?

A

Morbilliform exanthem

306
Q

What is the most common ophthalmic manifestation of early neurosyphilis?

A

Uveitis

307
Q

What is the most common presentation of granuloma inguinale?

A

Ulcerogranulomatous type

308
Q

What is currently the most common reported STD in the United States?

A

Chlamydia

309
Q

What is the most common manifestation of gonococcal infection in men?

A

Urethritis

310
Q

What is the most common cause of symptomatic non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)?

A

Chlamydia spp.

311
Q

What is the most common site of chlamydia infection in men?

A

Urethra

312
Q

What are the most common sites of chlamydia infection in women?

A
  • Urethra
  • Cervix
313
Q

What is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15 to 44 years?

A

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

314
Q

What are the most common risk factors for BV infection?

A
  • Having sex at an early age
  • New or multiple sex partners
315
Q

What is the most common skin manifestation of leishmaniasis in India?

A

Post–Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

316
Q

What is the most common cause of intracerebral lesions in AIDS patients?

A

Toxoplasmic encephalitis

317
Q

What is the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis?

A

Seizures

318
Q

What is the most common cause of pyodermas of the scalp in the developed world?

A

Head lice

319
Q

What is the most common cutaneous finding of Lyme borreliosis?

A

Erythema migrans rash

320
Q

What is the most common systemic symptom after a hobo spider bite?

A

Severe headache

321
Q

What is the most common pathogen in cat bite infections?

A

P. multocida

322
Q

What is the most common etiologic agent of cat scratch disease?

A

Bartonella henselae

323
Q

What type of formulation is most commonly chosen to deliver a dermatologic drug?

A

Emulsions (oil in water; >31% water)

324
Q

What are the most common adhesives used?

A
  • Acrylates
  • Silicones
  • Polyisobutylenes
325
Q

What is the most common adverse effect associated with topical retinoid use?

A

Local skin irritation

326
Q

What is the most common cutaneous side effect with bexarotene?

A

Localized or extensive exfoliative dermatitis

327
Q

What are the most common adverse events reported with penicillins?

A

Hypersensitivity reactions

328
Q

What is the most common adverse effect with hydroxyurea?

A

Myelosuppression

329
Q

What is the most common sign of nail melanoma?

A

Longitudinal nail pigmentation

330
Q

What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?

A

Pits

331
Q

What is the most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis?

A

SCC

332
Q

What is the most frequent site of involvement in patients with MMP?

A

Mouth

333
Q

What systemic disease is most frequently associated with EBA?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease

334
Q

What is the most frequent finding of lipoid proteinosis?

A

Hoarseness

335
Q

What is the most frequent symptom of Lipodermatosclerosis?

A

Intense pain

336
Q

What is the most frequent location of erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis?

A

Posterior calf

337
Q

What is the most frequent clinical pattern in men with AGA?

A

Male Pattern, Hamilton Norwood Type

338
Q

What are the most frequently detected activating mutations of seborrheic keratosis?

A
  • FGFR3
  • PIK3CA
339
Q

What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?

A

Pits

Pits in nail psoriasis are deep and of regular size.

340
Q

What is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the nail?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

341
Q

Where is the most frequent site of herpes simplex virus infection in older individuals?

A

Vermilion border of the lip

342
Q

What are the most frequently detected activating mutations in seborrheic keratosis?

A

FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes

343
Q

What are the most frequent sites for blue nevi?

A

Dorsal hands and feet, scalp, buttocks, sacral skin

344
Q

In acral melanoma, what is the most frequent targetable mutation?

A

BRAF mutation (21%)

345
Q

What is the second most frequent targetable mutation in acral melanoma?

A

c-KIT mutation (13%)

346
Q

What is the most frequent associated gammopathy in Pyoderma gangrenosum?

A

IgA paraproteinemia

347
Q

In patients with only tripe palms, which malignancy is most frequently associated?

A

Pulmonary carcinoma, especially squamous cell type

348
Q

In patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans, which carcinoma is most common?

A

Gastric carcinoma

349
Q

What is the second most common carcinoma in patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans?

A

Lung carcinoma

350
Q

Where does clubbing occur most frequently?

A

First, second, and fifth metacarpals; proximal phalanges of the hand; first metatarsal and proximal phalanges of the feet

351
Q

What are the most frequent complications of Malignant Atrophic Papulosis (Degos Disease)?

A

GI hemorrhage, perforation, and peritonitis

352
Q

What is the most frequent dermatologic manifestation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Livedo racemosa

353
Q

What is the most frequently isolated P. aeruginosa serotype from pseudomonal folliculitis?

A

O-11

354
Q

Which site is most frequently affected by orificial tuberculosis?

A

The tongue, particularly the tip and lateral margins

355
Q

What is the most frequent form of actinomycosis?

A

Cervicofacial actinomycosis

356
Q

What is the most frequent clinical sign of late-disseminated Lyme disease?

A

Inflammatory arthritis

357
Q

What are the most frequent abnormalities in laboratory test results seen with retinoid therapy?

A

Serum lipid changes

# ‼️ 💯 ‼️ # (11 decks)

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