MOST COMMON Flashcards
most common hair shaft disorder associated with breakage
Trichorrhexis nodosa (TN)
Most commonly lost antigen in T-cell lymphoma
CD7
most common infection found in AD
Superficial Staphylococcus aureus infections
most common form of CTCL
Mycosis fungoides
most common infections present in nummular eczema
dental caries and upper respiratory tract infections
what are the most common sites of involvement of LSC
scalp, the nape of the neck, the ankles, the extensor aspects of the extremities, and the anogenital and vulvar regions
most common allergen associated with eyelid dermatitis
gold
accounting for isolated eyelid dermatitis
most common cause of contact allergy in patch-tested patients with cheilitis
fragrance allergens (such as fragrance mix and Myroxylon pereirae [balsam of Peru])
most common class of allergens to cause ACD of the feet
rubber-related chemicals (such as mercaptobenzothiazole, carbamates, thiurams, black rubber mix, and mixed dialkyl thioureas)
most frequently patch test-positive allergen worldwide
Nickel
most common cosmetic allergen
quaternium-15
2 most commonly implicated ACD in topical antibiotics
neomycin and bacitracin
Pustular reactions indicate an irritant reaction and are most commonly encountered with what substances
metallic salts such as potassium dichromate, cobalt, nickel, gold, and copper
Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as ___________ at the site of a positive test reaction, and __________from tape application
Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as itching at the site of a positive test reaction, and irritation or pruritus from tape application
Patch test reactions that persist for more than 1 month (>30 days) are considered persistent patch test reactions; this occurs most commonly from what?
gold salts in a gold-sensitive patient
most common occupational irritant
Wet work (water or water plus detergent)
best treatment option for ICD
avoidance of irritants
in infantile seb derm, what is the most commonly affected site?
Vertex scalp
most commonly involved sites for ICD given their interaction with the environment and opportunities for irritant exposure
exposed hands
most common presentation of tularemia
ulceroglandular form, where an ulcer arises at the site of inoculation and regional lymphadenopathy develops
most common subtype of PRP
Type I (classic adult)
most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides
Secondary infection
PR is most common in
teenagers and young adults
Herald patch most commonly occurs where?
trunk (50%) followed by the extremities and neck
most common form of oral lesions in pityriasis rosea
Ulcerations
most common areas of involvement of lichen planus
flexural wrists, arms, and legs
Hypertrophic lichen planus occurs most commonly where?
anterior shins and interphalangeal joints
Atrophic lichen planus is most common where?
proximal lower extremity and trunk
Follicular lichen planus occurs most commonly where?
scalp
In mucosal LP, where is the most common site of involvement?
buccal mucosa is the most common site of involvement followed by the tongue and gingiva
What is the most common form of mucosal LP?
reticular form
most common cause of desquamative gingivitis
oral lichen planus
most commonly affected with annular lesions of lichen planus
glans penis
most common findings of nail lichen planus
- diffuse nail involvement with thinning, longitudinal ridging, and distal nail splitting (onychoschizia)
- Pterygium or forward growth of the eponychia with adherence to the proximal nail plate is a classic finding in nail lichen planus involving the matrix.
- Di kasama sa most common yung pterygium!
Oral lichenoid eruptions are most commonly related to what?
dental restorations metals such as mercury, silver, and gold
The most common locations of lichen nitidus
extremities (75% to 77%) and the trunk (9% to 21%)
Most common form of granuloma annulare
annular or arcuate lesion
organs most commonly afflicted in sarcoidosis
lungs
most common presentation of sarcoidosis
papular
most common complaint of sarcoidosis
cosmetic disfigurement
most common presentation of ocular sarcoidosis
uveitis
drug-induced Sweet syndrome—is most commonly associated with?
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
MC hematologic malignancy associated with sweet syndrome
acute myelogenous leukemia
MC visceral malignancy with sweet syndrome
genitourinary organs, breast, and gastrointestinal tract
most common locations of Giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome
upper leg and buttocks
MC infections associated with sweet syndrome
upper respiratory tract (streptococcosis) and the gastrointestinal tract (salmonellosis and yersiniosis)
most common acquired heart disease in children
Kawasaki Disease
Most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides
secondary infection
Pyoderma gangrenosum MC locations depending on the type
- Ulcerative - leg
- Bullous - upper limbs
- Pustular - trunk
- Vegetative - trunk
most common and originally described variant of PG
Ulcerative PG
PG commonly associated with hematologic disease
Bullous PG
most common site for cancer in oral lichen planus
tongue followed by the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and, rarely, the lip
most common locations of giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome
upper leg and buttocks
MC subtype of hematologic malignancy associated with PG
acute myeloid leukemia
MC immune dysfunction associated with Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease)
immunoglobulin [Ig] A monoclonal gammopathy
usually the first sign of Schnitzler syndrome and can precede the other symptoms for years
* Recurrent urticarial skin lesions
* second most common symptom is intermittent fever
most common and the first genetically characterized monogenic autoinflammatory disorder
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
most common known inherited periodic fever syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
2nd - TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME
Most common osteoarticular manifestations of SAPHO syndrome
oligoarthritis (affecting sternocostal and sternoclavicular joints, sacroiliac joints, knees, and ankles) and osteitis (anterior chest wall, such as the sternum, clavicle, and ribs, presenting with pain, tenderness, and sometimes swelling over the affected areas)
Mastocytosis is usually associated with what somatic activating mutations
** c-kit **with the 816 codon mutation being most common
most common form of systemic mastocytosis
Indolent systemic mastocytosis
Originally described in children and is the most common skin manifestation of childhood-onset cutaneous mastocytosis
Urticaria Pigmentosa
Mastocytosis - Extracutaneous disease is extremely uncommon in children, but when present, what is tha most frequent?
GI symptoms
GI symptoms in adults ranges from 25% to 70%. Diarrhea is the most common symptom and may result from gastric hypersecretion, increased motility, and/or malabsorption
most common cause of erythema multiforme
HSV
During the acute phase, what is the most common complication of epidermal necrolysis
sepsis
most common form of drug eruptions, accounting for approximately 95% of skin reactions
Exanthematous eruptions, sometimes referred to as morbilliform or maculopapular
what is the most common serologic abnormality in drug-induced lupus
positivity for antinuclear antibodies with a homogenous pattern
most common drugs associated with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
terbinafine, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and ranitidine
most common symptom associated with erythema annulare centrifugum
pruritus
MC associated conditions with EAC
superficial dermatophyte infection (13%), pregnancy (5%), thyroid cancer (5%), and medication use (5%)
most common antibiotics used to treat Lyme disease
doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime
MC skin finding in trichothiodystrophy
MC skin finding: ichthyosis
2nd - photosensitivity
most common malignancy reported with acquired ichthyosis
Hodgkin disease
most common form of diffuse keratoderma
Epidermolytic PPK (EPPK)
most common type of PPK in the Asian population
Nagashima-type PPK
most common manifestation of plantar keratoderma
focal PPK (FPPK) with calluses over weight-bearing areas
most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis
SCC
most common skin lesions observed in pemphigus vulgaris
erosions resulting from broken blisters
neoplasms most commonly associated with PNP
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Castleman disease
most common autoimmune blistering disorder
Bullous pemphigoid
MC locations of BP lesions
flexural surfaces, the lower abdomen, and the thighs
Localized BP most commonly occur where?
lower legs
most common drug that is associated with the development of linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Vancomycin
most common nonimmediate hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Primary lesion of DH
rythematous papule, an urticaria-like plaque, or, most commonly, a vesicle
most common form of epidermolysis bullosa
LOCALIZED EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX/ Weber-Cockayne subtype of EBS
MC areas affected in Localized EBS
hands and feet being the most common and the scalp being the least common.
most common form of CCLE
classic DLE skin lesion
Mucosal DLE occurs in approximately 25% of patients with CCLE.
What is most frequently affected?
** oral mucosa**
however, nasal, conjunctival, and genital mucosal surfaces can be targeted. In the mouth, the buccal mucosal surfaces are most commonly involved, with the palate, alveolar processes, and tongue being sites of less frequent involvement
most common pulmonary manifestation in DM
ILD
most common radiographic and histologic pattern in DM
nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
most common internal organ involvement in patients suffering from both limited and diffuse SSc
GI involvement
most common pediatric subtype of morphea
Linear morphea
MC subtype of morphea in adults
Circumscribed and generalized
MC Extracutaneous manifestation of morphea patients
Musculoskeletal involvement
most common nail finding in PsA
nail pitting
infectious agents most commonly implicated in reactive arthritis
GI pathogens (Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Clostridium difficile) as well as venereal urogenital infection (Chlamydia trachomatis)
most common dermatologic finding in RA
rheumatoid nodule
most commonly identified infection in scleredema
Streptococcal infection
Most common symptoms of xerosis
nonspecific pruritus
most common neurologic manifestation in sjogren syndrome
peripheral axonal polyneuropathies
Most common form cranial neuropathy in Sjogren Syndrome
unilateral trigeminal neuropathy
most common ocular manifestations of relapsing polychondritis
Episcleritis and scleritis
most common causes of secondary anetoderma
acne and varicella
most common systemic conditions associated with adult-onset APD
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM)
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome - Defects in what type of collagen gene most commonly cause the classical subtype?
Type V collagen
most common cause of death in vascular EDS
arterial rupture
MC cardiac defect of marfan syndrome
Medial necrosis of the aorta is the most common defect and diffuse dilation of the proximal segment of the ascending aorta with aortic regurgitation often occurs
most common cutaneous manifestations of Marfan syndrome
Lack of subcutaneous fat and the presence of striae, most prominent on the upper chest, arms, thighs, and abdomen
most common ophthalmologic finding of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
angioid streaks
MC late vascular sequelae in PXE
intermittent claudication
MC location of erythema nodosum
anterior lower legs and ankles
ost common etiology in pediatric cases of EN
streptococcal respiratory tract infections
Erythema induratum most common presentation
ulcerated nodules on the calves, and is associated with MTB infection
EI/NV is seen most commonly in
young to middle-aged women, as dominant as a 9:1 ratio.
most common form of panniculitis
lipodermatosclerosis
most common phenotype to induce panniculitis
A1-antitrypsin - ZZ
most common complication of subcutaneous fat of the newborn
hypercalcemia
most common cutaneous lesion seen in patients with lipodystrophies
acanthosis nigricans in the axillae, groins, neck, and sometimes even on the knuckles, Achilles tendons, and trunk
most common malignancies associated with Peutz jeghers syndrome
GI (small intestine, colorectal, stomach, pancreas)
most common location of melasma
Melasma - malar and mandibular regions, forehead, chin, and upper lip are most commonly affected—centrofacial (63%: forehead, nose, chin, and upper lip); malar (21%: nose and cheeks); and mandibular (16%: ramus mandibulae) patterns are most common
most common complaint in patients with rosacea
Prolonged and frequent flushing is, with erythema
Most common trigger of rosacea
sun exposure
most common cause of industrial acne
cutting oils
most common form of the ectodermal dysplasias.
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
most common involvement in chromhidrosis.
Axillary and facial involvement
most commonly affected in fox fordyce disease
axillae
Hidradenitis suppurative-associated anogenital SCC is often associated with high-risk human papillomavirus strains, most commonly what HPV?
human papillomavirus-16
most common type of hair loss
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)
most common type of AGA in women
FEMALE PATTERN, LUDWIG TYPE; diffuse thinning of the centroparietal region with maintenance of the frontal hair line
most common cause of diffuse hair loss
Telogen effluvium
most common form of hair loss in children
Alopecia areata
most common cause of inflammatory and primary cicatricial alopecia
DLE, together with lichen planopilaris (LPP)
.Some of the most common drugs that cause lichenoid drug eruption
gold, antimalarials, and captopril
Actinic lichenoid drug eruption is confined to sun-exposed sites. The most likely drugs to cause lichenoid drug eruption are quinine and thiazide diuretics
most common form of primary cicatricial alopecia in women of African descent
CCCA
MC hair shaft abnormality in netherton syndrome
trichorrhexis invaginata
most commonly involved areas in hirsutism
upper lip > thighs > lower abdomen > upper back
most common porphyrias to cause hypertrichosis
porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic porphyria
most common color change of the nails
Leukonychia
most common type of ingrown nail
distal–lateral ingrowing of the edge of the big toenail
most common variant of pincer nail
distally increasing curvature
Lichen planus rarely affects the periungual skin, most commonly what part?
proximal matrix and less frequently the nail bed
most common cause for viral warts of the nail unit
Infection with HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7
most common sites of nail melanoma
Thumbs, big toes, index fingers, and middle fingers
most common photodermatosis with a female preponderance typically presenting in the spring
Polymorphic light eruption
MC primary lesion of PMLE
Papular form
most commonly reported causative agent of pseudoporphyria
Naproxen
most common mechanism of burn injury in the outpatient setting
scald burns
most common mechanism of burn injury in the inpatient setting
flame burns
most common cause of death in burn patients
infection and sepsis
associated with the highest risk of death and complications compared to all other burn etiologies
Thermal injuries
second leading cause of burn injuries and are the most common mechanism of burns in the pediatric population
Scalds
most commonly used illicit drug
Marijuana
second most commonly used drug
Prescription pain relievers
most common site of track marks in intravenous drug use
medial vein in the antecubital fossa of the nondominant arm
Wound botulism most commonly occurs from?
injection of black tar heroin
most common agent involved in childhood burns (both accidental and inflicted)
hot liquid
most common perpetrators in elderly abuse
adult children of the abused patient
most common tumors of infancy
Infantile hemangiomas
ost common presentation of spina bifida
Myelomeningocele
most common branchial cleft anomaly
Branchial cysts
the majority arise from the second branchial arch and present along the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the lateral aspect of the neck
most common cause of diaper dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
second most common cause of diaper dermatitis
Candidiasis
second most common solid tumor of childhood
Neuroblastoma
most common dermatophyte in tinea capitis, and oral griseofulvin is the treatment of choice
Trichophyton tonsurans
most common vascular lesion to develop in pregnancy
Spider angiomas
most common structural change during pregnancy
striae distensae, also known as striae gravidarum or colloquially as stretch marks
changes most commonly observed in pregnancy
Pigmentary disturbances, including hyperpigmentation, darkening of the linea alba, and melasma
the only pregnancy dermatosis that presents without primary skin lesions
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
MC primary lesion of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
Urticaria
most common pruritic disorder in pregnancy
Atopic eruption of pregnancy comprises approximately 50% of all pregnancy dermatoses
most common benign epidermal tumor
Seborrheic keratosis
Multiple eruptive seborrheic keratoses may be indicative of internal malignancy (Leser-Trélat sign).
What is the MC malignancy?
Gastrointestinal malignancy is most common followed by lymphoproliferative disease.
most common subtype detected in condylomata
The overwhelming majority contained HPV6
most common variant of epidermal nevi
Keratinocytic epidermal nevi (linear epidermal nevi, linear verrucous epidermal nevi)
most common benign tumors found within nevus sebaceus
richoblastoma (7% of nevus sebaceous cases) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (5%)
most common malignant tumor found within nevus sebaceus
BCC
most common extracutaneous features of Epidermal nevus syndrome
ocular, neurologic, and skeletal systems
most commonly affected site of trichofolliculoma
nose
most common appendage tumor in children
Pilomatricoma
head and neck region is the most common site
most common potential malignant lesion of the oral mucosa, with the potential to become oral SCC
Leukoplakia
most common areas of erythroplakia in the oral cavity
soft palate, the floor of the mouth, and the buccal mucosa
most common cancers in humans
BCC
most common form of BCC
nodular; then superficial then morpheaform
nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found where?
and superficial is most often found where?
nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found on the head and neck, and superficial is most often found on the trunk region
Most Common Gene Mutated in Sporadic Basal Cell Carcinoma
PTCH1
most common sites of metastasis of BCC
regional lymph nodes, lungs, and bone
second most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
most common skin cancer in immunosuppressed organ transplantation recipients worldwide
SCC
most common inherited pigmentary disorder of the skin
Oculocutaneous albinism, which is characterized by impaired melanin biosynthesis
most commonly reported symptom of paget’s disease
pruritus
Most commonly affected sites of MPD and EMPD
nilateral nipple/ areola (mammary Paget’s disease [MPD])
vulva, perianal skin, scrotum, and penis (extramammary Paget’s disease [EMPD])
most commonly affected area, representing 65% of EMPD cases but less than 2% of all vulvar neoplasms
vulva
most common subtype, accounting for approximately 70% of all cutaneous melanomas
SSM
subtype of melanoma most commonly associated with preexisting nevi
SSM
second most common melanoma subtype and accounts for approximately 15% to 30% of all melanomas.
nodular melanoma
MC site of nodular melanoma
trunk
most common location of lentigo maligna
chronically sun-exposed face, on the cheeks and nose in particular; the neck, scalp, and ears in men
most common site for ALM
sole
most common primary intraocular malignancy
uveal melanoma
most common endocrinopathy encountered in LCH
Diabetes insipidus
most common ocular complication of periocular hemangioma
Amblyopia
most common extracutaneous site for Infantile Hemangioma
liver
most common complication of IH
Ulceration
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is more common in what disease?
kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
may also develop in tufted angioma
most common disease-related causes of death of CTCL
immunosuppression and opportunistic infections
most common form of primary cutaneous lymphoma
MF
In darker-skinned individuals, this type of MF may be the most common presentation of the disease
hypopigmented MF
Most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Most common single anatomic site of granular cell tumor
tongue
most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm and tends to occur in adults without gender predilection
Lipoma
Hibernoma usually arises in adults and the most common anatomic site is
thigh
most common cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world
Vitamin A deficiency
earliest and most common sign of copper deficiency and is a sensitive measure of treatment adequacy
Neutropenia
most common porphyria
PCT
only porphyria that can develop in absence of the mutation of the affected enzyme
PCT
most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum
IBD
most frequently associated paraproteinemia
in PG
IgA
most common associated malignancy, and is seen in approximately 20% of patients with AL amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma
most common malignancies to metastasize to the skin in women
breast cancer, followed by colon cancer and melanoma
most common skeletal manifestation of NF-1
Scoliosis
most commonly identified vascular lesion in patients with NF-1
renal artery, leading to renovascular hypertension
most common form of CNV in children
IgA vasculitis
Infections and drugs may precipitate episodes of CNV. What are the most commonly recognized infectious agents ?
β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium leprae, and hepatitides B and C viruses
most common infection associated with CNV
Hepatitis C virus
most common cutaneous feature in patients with ANCAs
palpable purpura
Drugs that may cause vasculitis in association with ANCAs.
Propylthiouracil and hydralazine
most common cutaneous features of polyarteritis nodosa
livedo reticularis/racemosa
most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations
Kawasaki disease
most common of the PPDs to occur in children
Schamberg disease
most common cause of iatrogenic RP
β-Adrenergic blockers
most common complication of lymphatic malformation
Infection
most classic symptom of PAD
intermittent claudication
most common cause of venous valvular failure
thrombosis
most common cause of superficial purulent skin infections (pyodermas)
Staphylococcus aureus
Tularemia MC presentation
ulceroglandular
most frequent cause of SSTIs that present to emergency departments in the US
CA-MRSA
most common in individuals who have their hands in water for a great deal of time
Candidal paronychia
The most common causes of whitlow or felon
S. aureus and herpes simplex virus
most common site of involvement of erythrasma
web spaces of the feet, where erythrasma presents as a hyperkeratotic white macerated plaque, especially between the fourth and fifth toes
most common cause of pseudocellulitis
stasis dermatitis
most common staphylococcal toxin associated with TSS
TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1), and is the predominant toxin associated with menstrual-associated cases
Scarlet fever is a syndrome characterized by exudative pharyngitis, fever, and scarlatiniform rash. It is most commonly caused by
pyrogenic exotoxin producing group A Streptococcus
most common isolate found in community-acquired necrotizing soft-tissue infections
Streptococcus pyogenes, and in hospital-acquired infections, the most common isolates are Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.
For patients with diabetes, necrotizing infection caused by what bacteria is described with increased frequency
Klebsiella pneumoniae
most common causative organisms of clostridial myonecrosis
Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium septicum
Cases related to trauma are most commonly caused by C. perfringens and spontaneous non–trauma-related cases are most commonly caused by
C. septicum
Clostridial myonecrosis in IV drug users is most commonly caused by
C. sordellii and C. novyi subspecies
With meningitis, the most common sequela is ?
sensorineural hearing loss or deafness
most common cause of right-sided infective endocarditis
intravenous drug use
most common clinical presentations of IE
fever and a new cardiac murmur
most common cause of IE in high-income countries
Staphylococcus aureus for both naïve and prosthetic valves
most common of plague, producing large tender lymph nodes (buboes) proximal to the site of fleabite
bubonic form
Human listeriosis is most common in what population
pregnant women, neonates, and patients with AIDS, and in foodborne outbreaks
The most common presentation of AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTIONS
cellulitis associated with a laceration, often followed by abscess formation or spread to deeper subcutaneous tissues
most common cause of disseminated bacterial infections in patients with AIDS in the United States, but is much less frequently so in Europe
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
most commonly affected organ in M. kansasii infection
the lung, usually in patients with other pulmonary conditions (silicosis, emphysema)
most common causative agent of ACTINOMYCOSIS, usually as part of a polymicrobial infection, mixed with anaerobes and Gram-positive cocci
Actinomyces israelii
Most common location of actinomycosis
cervicofacial (related to dental pathology), followed by chest wall, abdominal, and pelvic involvement.
The most common location is on the jaw angle and high cervical area (60%), followed by the cheek (16%), the chin (13%), and, less commonly, the temporomandibular joint and the retromandibular area.
MC agent of NOCARDIOSIS
Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides
MC agent of ACTINOMYCETOMA
Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Streptomyces somaliensis
MC agent of EUMYCETOMA
Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, Pseudallescheria boydii
MC agent of BOTRYOMYCOSIS
Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa
most common presentation of nocardiosis
pulmonary disease
Bacteremia resulting from Nocardia is seen in patients with concomitant malignancy. What agent is most commonly isolated?
N. asteroides
Which Nocardia species is most commonly associated with lung and systemic disease?
N. asteroides
What is the most common cause of primary cutaneous nocardiosis?
N. brasiliensis
Which genera is the most common isolated in superficial fungal infections in the United States?
Trichophyton
What is the most common cause of dermatophytosis of the skin?
Trichophyton rubrum
What is the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States?
Trichophyton tonsurans
Which organism remains the most common cause of tinea capitis in Europe?
M. canis
What is the most common form of onychomycosis?
Distolateral Subungual Type
In which age group is tinea capitis most commonly observed?
Children between the ages of 3 and 14 years
What is the second-most common type of dermatophytosis worldwide?
Tinea cruris
Which organism is the most common cause of human favus?
T. schoenleinii
What are the most common dermatophytoses?
- tinea pedis
- tinea manuum
What is the primary pulmonary form of coccidioidomycosis characterized by?
A chest infection with fever, cough, and chest pain
What is the most common clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis?
Meningoencephalitis
What is the most common clinical picture associated with Parvovirus B19?
Fifth disease
What is the most common cause of transient aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias?
Parvovirus B19
What is the most common complication of intrauterine infection with B19?
Nonimmune fetal hydrops
What is the most common manifestation of EBV infection in adolescents and adults?
Infectious mononucleosis
True or False: Viral infections are the most common trigger of GCS.
True
What is the most common accompanying symptom of Gianotti Crosti syndrome?
Pruritus
What is the most common congenital viral infection in humans?
HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
What is the most common complication of a HHV-6 primary infection?
Febrile seizure
What are the most common causes of aseptic (viral) meningitis?
- Nonpolio enteroviruses
What is the most common serious complication associated with HFMD?
Aseptic meningitis
What are the two most common complications of coxsackievirus A6?
- Desquamation of the hands and feet
- Onychomadesis
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide?
Genital herpes
What is the most common cause of ulcerative genital disease?
Genital herpes
What infections are most commonly associated with a primary HSV-1 infection?
- Herpetic gingivostomatitis
- Pharyngitis
What is the most common precipitating event in cases of recurrent erythema multiforme?
Recurrent HSV infection
What is the most common debilitating complication of herpes zoster?
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)
What is the most common complication of varicella in children?
Secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions
What is accidental vaccinia?
Autoinoculation of vaccinia virus from the vaccination site to another area
What are the most common causative agents of anogenital warts?
- HPV-6
- HPV-11
What is the most common cause of HIV infection globally?
HIV-1
What type of therapy is lipohypertrophy most commonly associated with?
Protease inhibitor therapy
What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV?
Tuberculosis
What is the most common variant of psoriasis in HIV patients?
Plaque psoriasis
What is the most common and feared complication of chikungunya?
Chronic, episodic polyarthralgia or polyarthritis
What is the most common presentation of Chikungunya?
Morbilliform exanthem
What is the most common ophthalmic manifestation of early neurosyphilis?
Uveitis
What is the most common presentation of granuloma inguinale?
Ulcerogranulomatous type
What is currently the most common reported STD in the United States?
Chlamydia
What is the most common manifestation of gonococcal infection in men?
Urethritis
What is the most common cause of symptomatic non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
Chlamydia spp.
What is the most common site of chlamydia infection in men?
Urethra
What are the most common sites of chlamydia infection in women?
- Urethra
- Cervix
What is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15 to 44 years?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
What are the most common risk factors for BV infection?
- Having sex at an early age
- New or multiple sex partners
What is the most common skin manifestation of leishmaniasis in India?
Post–Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
What is the most common cause of intracerebral lesions in AIDS patients?
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
What is the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis?
Seizures
What is the most common cause of pyodermas of the scalp in the developed world?
Head lice
What is the most common cutaneous finding of Lyme borreliosis?
Erythema migrans rash
What is the most common systemic symptom after a hobo spider bite?
Severe headache
What is the most common pathogen in cat bite infections?
P. multocida
What is the most common etiologic agent of cat scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae
What type of formulation is most commonly chosen to deliver a dermatologic drug?
Emulsions (oil in water; >31% water)
What are the most common adhesives used?
- Acrylates
- Silicones
- Polyisobutylenes
What is the most common adverse effect associated with topical retinoid use?
Local skin irritation
What is the most common cutaneous side effect with bexarotene?
Localized or extensive exfoliative dermatitis
What are the most common adverse events reported with penicillins?
Hypersensitivity reactions
What is the most common adverse effect with hydroxyurea?
Myelosuppression
What is the most common sign of nail melanoma?
Longitudinal nail pigmentation
What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?
Pits
What is the most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis?
SCC
What is the most frequent site of involvement in patients with MMP?
Mouth
What systemic disease is most frequently associated with EBA?
Inflammatory bowel disease
What is the most frequent finding of lipoid proteinosis?
Hoarseness
What is the most frequent symptom of Lipodermatosclerosis?
Intense pain
What is the most frequent location of erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis?
Posterior calf
What is the most frequent clinical pattern in men with AGA?
Male Pattern, Hamilton Norwood Type
What are the most frequently detected activating mutations of seborrheic keratosis?
- FGFR3
- PIK3CA
What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?
Pits
Pits in nail psoriasis are deep and of regular size.
What is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the nail?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Where is the most frequent site of herpes simplex virus infection in older individuals?
Vermilion border of the lip
What are the most frequently detected activating mutations in seborrheic keratosis?
FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes
What are the most frequent sites for blue nevi?
Dorsal hands and feet, scalp, buttocks, sacral skin
In acral melanoma, what is the most frequent targetable mutation?
BRAF mutation (21%)
What is the second most frequent targetable mutation in acral melanoma?
c-KIT mutation (13%)
What is the most frequent associated gammopathy in Pyoderma gangrenosum?
IgA paraproteinemia
In patients with only tripe palms, which malignancy is most frequently associated?
Pulmonary carcinoma, especially squamous cell type
In patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans, which carcinoma is most common?
Gastric carcinoma
What is the second most common carcinoma in patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans?
Lung carcinoma
Where does clubbing occur most frequently?
First, second, and fifth metacarpals; proximal phalanges of the hand; first metatarsal and proximal phalanges of the feet
What are the most frequent complications of Malignant Atrophic Papulosis (Degos Disease)?
GI hemorrhage, perforation, and peritonitis
What is the most frequent dermatologic manifestation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?
Livedo racemosa
What is the most frequently isolated P. aeruginosa serotype from pseudomonal folliculitis?
O-11
Which site is most frequently affected by orificial tuberculosis?
The tongue, particularly the tip and lateral margins
What is the most frequent form of actinomycosis?
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
What is the most frequent clinical sign of late-disseminated Lyme disease?
Inflammatory arthritis
What are the most frequent abnormalities in laboratory test results seen with retinoid therapy?
Serum lipid changes
