MOST COMMON Flashcards
1
Q
most common hair shaft disorder associated with breakage
A
Trichorrhexis nodosa (TN)
2
Q
Most commonly lost antigen in T-cell lymphoma
A
CD7
3
Q
most common infection found in AD
A
Superficial Staphylococcus aureus infections
4
Q
most common form of CTCL
A
Mycosis fungoides
5
Q
most common infections present in nummular eczema
A
dental caries and upper respiratory tract infections
6
Q
what are the most common sites of involvement of LSC
A
scalp, the nape of the neck, the ankles, the extensor aspects of the extremities, and the anogenital and vulvar regions
7
Q
most common allergen associated with eyelid dermatitis
A
gold
accounting for isolated eyelid dermatitis
8
Q
most common cause of contact allergy in patch-tested patients with cheilitis
A
fragrance allergens (such as fragrance mix and Myroxylon pereirae [balsam of Peru])
9
Q
most common class of allergens to cause ACD of the feet
A
rubber-related chemicals (such as mercaptobenzothiazole, carbamates, thiurams, black rubber mix, and mixed dialkyl thioureas)
10
Q
most frequently patch test-positive allergen worldwide
A
Nickel
11
Q
most common cosmetic allergen
A
quaternium-15
12
Q
2 most commonly implicated ACD in topical antibiotics
A
neomycin and bacitracin
13
Q
Pustular reactions indicate an irritant reaction and are most commonly encountered with what substances
A
metallic salts such as potassium dichromate, cobalt, nickel, gold, and copper
14
Q
Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as ___________ at the site of a positive test reaction, and __________from tape application
A
Patch testing - most common side effects are expected, such as itching at the site of a positive test reaction, and irritation or pruritus from tape application
15
Q
Patch test reactions that persist for more than 1 month (>30 days) are considered persistent patch test reactions; this occurs most commonly from what?
A
gold salts in a gold-sensitive patient
16
Q
most common occupational irritant
A
Wet work (water or water plus detergent)
17
Q
best treatment option for ICD
A
avoidance of irritants
18
Q
in infantile seb derm, what is the most commonly affected site?
A
Vertex scalp
19
Q
most commonly involved sites for ICD given their interaction with the environment and opportunities for irritant exposure
A
exposed hands
20
Q
most common presentation of tularemia
A
ulceroglandular form, where an ulcer arises at the site of inoculation and regional lymphadenopathy develops
21
Q
most common subtype of PRP
A
Type I (classic adult)
22
Q
most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides
A
Secondary infection
23
Q
PR is most common in
A
teenagers and young adults
24
Q
Herald patch most commonly occurs where?
A
trunk (50%) followed by the extremities and neck
25
most common form of oral lesions in pityriasis rosea
Ulcerations
26
most common areas of involvement of lichen planus
flexural wrists, arms, and legs
27
Hypertrophic lichen planus occurs most commonly where?
anterior shins and interphalangeal joints
28
Atrophic lichen planus is most common where?
proximal lower extremity and trunk
29
Follicular lichen planus occurs most commonly where?
scalp
30
In mucosal LP, where is the most common site of involvement?
buccal mucosa is the most common site of involvement followed by the tongue and gingiva
31
What is the most common form of mucosal LP?
reticular form
32
most common cause of desquamative gingivitis
oral lichen planus
33
most commonly affected with annular lesions of lichen planus
glans penis
34
most common findings of nail lichen planus
* **diffuse nail involvement with thinning, longitudinal ridging, and distal nail splitting (onychoschizia)**
* Pterygium or forward growth of the eponychia with adherence to the proximal nail plate is a classic finding in nail lichen planus involving the matrix.
* **Di kasama sa most common yung pterygium!**
35
Oral lichenoid eruptions are most commonly related to what?
dental restorations metals such as mercury, silver, and gold
36
The most common locations of lichen nitidus
**extremities** (75% to 77%) and the trunk (9% to 21%)
37
Most common form of granuloma annulare
annular or arcuate lesion
38
organs most commonly afflicted in sarcoidosis
lungs
39
most common presentation of sarcoidosis
papular
40
most common complaint of sarcoidosis
cosmetic disfigurement
41
most common presentation of ocular sarcoidosis
uveitis
42
drug-induced Sweet syndrome—is most commonly associated with?
granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
43
MC hematologic malignancy associated with sweet syndrome
acute myelogenous leukemia
44
MC visceral malignancy with sweet syndrome
genitourinary organs, breast, and gastrointestinal tract
45
most common locations of Giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome
upper leg and buttocks
46
MC infections associated with sweet syndrome
upper respiratory tract (streptococcosis) and the gastrointestinal tract (salmonellosis and yersiniosis)
47
most common acquired heart disease in children
Kawasaki Disease
48
Most common complication of pityriasis lichenoides
secondary infection
49
Pyoderma gangrenosum MC locations depending on the type
* Ulcerative - leg
* Bullous - upper limbs
* Pustular - trunk
* Vegetative - trunk
50
most common and originally described variant of PG
Ulcerative PG
51
PG commonly associated with hematologic disease
Bullous PG
52
most common site for cancer in oral lichen planus
**tongue** followed by the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and, rarely, the lip
53
most common locations of giant cellulitis-like Sweet syndrome
upper leg and buttocks
54
MC subtype of hematologic malignancy associated with PG
acute myeloid leukemia
55
MC immune dysfunction associated with Subcorneal Pustular Dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson Disease)
immunoglobulin [Ig] A monoclonal gammopathy
56
usually the first sign of Schnitzler syndrome and can precede the other symptoms for years
*** Recurrent urticarial skin lesions**
* second most common symptom is intermittent fever
57
most common and the first genetically characterized monogenic autoinflammatory disorder
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
58
most common known inherited periodic fever syndrome
**Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)**
2nd - TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME
59
Most common osteoarticular manifestations of SAPHO syndrome
**oligoarthritis** (affecting sternocostal and sternoclavicular joints, sacroiliac joints, knees, and ankles) and **osteitis** (anterior chest wall, such as the sternum, clavicle, and ribs, presenting with pain, tenderness, and sometimes swelling over the affected areas)
60
Mastocytosis is usually associated with what somatic activating mutations
** c-kit **with the **816 codon mutation** being most common
61
most common form of systemic mastocytosis
Indolent systemic mastocytosis
62
Originally described in children and is the most common skin manifestation of childhood-onset cutaneous mastocytosis
Urticaria Pigmentosa
63
Mastocytosis - Extracutaneous disease is extremely uncommon in children, but when present, what is tha most frequent?
**GI symptoms**
GI symptoms in adults ranges from 25% to 70%. Diarrhea is the most common symptom and may result from gastric hypersecretion, increased motility, and/or malabsorption
64
most common cause of erythema multiforme
HSV
65
During the acute phase, what is the most common complication of epidermal necrolysis
sepsis
66
most common form of drug eruptions, accounting for approximately 95% of skin reactions
Exanthematous eruptions, sometimes referred to as morbilliform or maculopapular
67
what is the most common serologic abnormality in drug-induced lupus
positivity for **antinuclear antibodies with a homogenous pattern**
68
most common drugs associated with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
terbinafine, thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and ranitidine
69
most common symptom associated with erythema annulare centrifugum
pruritus
70
MC associated conditions with EAC
superficial dermatophyte infection (13%), pregnancy (5%), thyroid cancer (5%), and medication use (5%)
71
most common antibiotics used to treat Lyme disease
doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime
72
MC skin finding in trichothiodystrophy
MC skin finding: **ichthyosis**
2nd - photosensitivity
73
most common malignancy reported with acquired ichthyosis
Hodgkin disease
74
most common form of diffuse keratoderma
Epidermolytic PPK (EPPK)
75
most common type of PPK in the Asian population
Nagashima-type PPK
76
most common manifestation of plantar keratoderma
focal PPK (FPPK) with calluses over weight-bearing areas
77
most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis
SCC
78
most common skin lesions observed in pemphigus vulgaris
erosions resulting from broken blisters
79
neoplasms most commonly associated with PNP
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and Castleman disease
80
most common autoimmune blistering disorder
Bullous pemphigoid
81
MC locations of BP lesions
flexural surfaces, the lower abdomen, and the thighs
82
Localized BP most commonly occur where?
lower legs
83
most common drug that is associated with the development of linear IgA bullous dermatosis
Vancomycin
84
most common nonimmediate hypersensitivity reaction to vancomycin
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis
85
Primary lesion of DH
rythematous papule, an urticaria-like plaque, or, most commonly, a vesicle
86
most common form of epidermolysis bullosa
LOCALIZED EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA SIMPLEX/ Weber-Cockayne subtype of EBS
87
MC areas affected in Localized EBS
**hands and feet** being the most common and the scalp being the least common.
88
most common form of CCLE
classic DLE skin lesion
89
Mucosal DLE occurs in approximately 25% of patients with CCLE.
What is most frequently affected?
** oral mucosa**
however, nasal, conjunctival, and genital mucosal surfaces can be targeted. In the mouth, the buccal mucosal surfaces are most commonly involved, with the palate, alveolar processes, and tongue being sites of less frequent involvement
90
most common pulmonary manifestation in DM
ILD
91
most common radiographic and histologic pattern in DM
nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
92
most common internal organ involvement in patients suffering from both limited and diffuse SSc
GI involvement
93
most common pediatric subtype of morphea
Linear morphea
94
MC subtype of morphea in adults
Circumscribed and generalized
95
MC Extracutaneous manifestation of morphea patients
Musculoskeletal involvement
96
most common nail finding in PsA
nail pitting
97
infectious agents most commonly implicated in reactive arthritis
GI pathogens (Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Clostridium difficile) as well as venereal urogenital infection (Chlamydia trachomatis)
98
most common dermatologic finding in RA
rheumatoid nodule
99
most commonly identified infection in scleredema
Streptococcal infection
100
Most common symptoms of xerosis
nonspecific pruritus
101
most common neurologic manifestation in sjogren syndrome
peripheral axonal polyneuropathies
102
Most common form cranial neuropathy in Sjogren Syndrome
unilateral trigeminal neuropathy
103
most common ocular manifestations of relapsing polychondritis
Episcleritis and scleritis
104
most common causes of secondary anetoderma
acne and varicella
105
most common systemic conditions associated with adult-onset APD
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus (DM)
106
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome - Defects in what type of collagen gene most commonly cause the classical subtype?
Type V collagen
107
most common cause of death in vascular EDS
arterial rupture
108
MC cardiac defect of marfan syndrome
Medial necrosis of the aorta is the most common defect and diffuse dilation of the proximal segment of the ascending aorta with aortic regurgitation often occurs
109
most common cutaneous manifestations of Marfan syndrome
**Lack of subcutaneous fat and the presence of striae**, most prominent on the upper chest, arms, thighs, and abdomen
110
most common ophthalmologic finding of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
angioid streaks
111
MC late vascular sequelae in PXE
intermittent claudication
112
MC location of erythema nodosum
anterior lower legs and ankles
113
ost common etiology in pediatric cases of EN
streptococcal respiratory tract infections
114
Erythema induratum most common presentation
ulcerated nodules on the calves, and is associated with MTB infection
115
EI/NV is seen most commonly in
young to middle-aged women, as dominant as a 9:1 ratio.
116
most common form of panniculitis
lipodermatosclerosis
117
most common phenotype to induce panniculitis
A1-antitrypsin - ZZ
118
most common complication of subcutaneous fat of the newborn
hypercalcemia
119
most common cutaneous lesion seen in patients with lipodystrophies
acanthosis nigricans in the axillae, groins, neck, and sometimes even on the knuckles, Achilles tendons, and trunk
120
most common malignancies associated with Peutz jeghers syndrome
GI (small intestine, colorectal, stomach, pancreas)
121
most common location of melasma
Melasma - malar and mandibular regions, forehead, chin, and upper lip are most commonly affected—centrofacial (63%: forehead, nose, chin, and upper lip); malar (21%: nose and cheeks); and mandibular (16%: ramus mandibulae) patterns are most common
122
most common complaint in patients with rosacea
Prolonged and frequent flushing is, with erythema
123
Most common trigger of rosacea
sun exposure
124
most common cause of industrial acne
cutting oils
125
most common form of the ectodermal dysplasias.
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
126
most common involvement in chromhidrosis.
Axillary and facial involvement
127
most commonly affected in fox fordyce disease
axillae
128
Hidradenitis suppurative-associated anogenital SCC is often associated with high-risk human papillomavirus strains, most commonly what HPV?
human papillomavirus-16
129
most common type of hair loss
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)
130
most common type of AGA in women
FEMALE PATTERN, LUDWIG TYPE; diffuse thinning of the centroparietal region with maintenance of the frontal hair line
131
most common cause of diffuse hair loss
Telogen effluvium
132
most common form of hair loss in children
Alopecia areata
133
most common cause of inflammatory and primary cicatricial alopecia
DLE, together with lichen planopilaris (LPP)
134
.Some of the most common drugs that cause lichenoid drug eruption
**gold, antimalarials, and captopril**
Actinic lichenoid drug eruption is confined to sun-exposed sites. The most likely drugs to cause lichenoid drug eruption are quinine and thiazide diuretics
135
most common form of primary cicatricial alopecia in women of African descent
CCCA
136
MC hair shaft abnormality in netherton syndrome
trichorrhexis invaginata
137
most commonly involved areas in hirsutism
upper lip > thighs > lower abdomen > upper back
138
most common porphyrias to cause hypertrichosis
porphyria cutanea tarda and erythropoietic porphyria
139
most common color change of the nails
Leukonychia
140
most common type of ingrown nail
distal–lateral ingrowing of the edge of the big toenail
141
most common variant of pincer nail
distally increasing curvature
142
Lichen planus rarely affects the periungual skin, most commonly what part?
proximal matrix and less frequently the nail bed
143
most common cause for viral warts of the nail unit
Infection with HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7
144
most common sites of nail melanoma
Thumbs, big toes, index fingers, and middle fingers
145
most common photodermatosis with a female preponderance typically presenting in the spring
Polymorphic light eruption
146
MC primary lesion of PMLE
Papular form
147
most commonly reported causative agent of pseudoporphyria
Naproxen
148
most common mechanism of burn injury in the **outpatient** setting
scald burns
149
most common mechanism of burn injury in the **inpatient** setting
flame burns
150
most common cause of death in burn patients
infection and sepsis
151
associated with the highest risk of death and complications compared to all other burn etiologies
Thermal injuries
152
second leading cause of burn injuries and are the most common mechanism of burns in the pediatric population
Scalds
153
most commonly used illicit drug
Marijuana
154
second most commonly used drug
Prescription pain relievers
155
most common site of track marks in intravenous drug use
medial vein in the antecubital fossa of the nondominant arm
156
Wound botulism most commonly occurs from?
injection of black tar heroin
157
most common agent involved in childhood burns (both accidental and inflicted)
hot liquid
158
most common perpetrators in elderly abuse
adult children of the abused patient
159
most common tumors of infancy
Infantile hemangiomas
160
ost common presentation of spina bifida
Myelomeningocele
161
most common branchial cleft anomaly
Branchial cysts
the majority arise from the second branchial arch and present along the sternocleidomastoid muscle on the lateral aspect of the neck
162
most common cause of diaper dermatitis
Irritant contact dermatitis
163
second most common cause of diaper dermatitis
Candidiasis
164
second most common solid tumor of childhood
Neuroblastoma
165
most common dermatophyte in tinea capitis, and oral griseofulvin is the treatment of choice
Trichophyton tonsurans
166
most common vascular lesion to develop in pregnancy
Spider angiomas
167
most common structural change during pregnancy
striae distensae, also known as striae gravidarum or colloquially as stretch marks
168
changes most commonly observed in pregnancy
Pigmentary disturbances, including hyperpigmentation, darkening of the linea alba, and melasma
169
the only pregnancy dermatosis that presents without primary skin lesions
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
170
MC primary lesion of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
Urticaria
171
most common pruritic disorder in pregnancy
Atopic eruption of pregnancy comprises approximately 50% of all pregnancy dermatoses
172
most common benign epidermal tumor
Seborrheic keratosis
173
Multiple eruptive seborrheic keratoses may be indicative of internal malignancy (Leser-Trélat sign).
What is the MC malignancy?
Gastrointestinal malignancy is most common followed by lymphoproliferative disease.
174
most common subtype detected in condylomata
The overwhelming majority contained HPV6
175
most common variant of epidermal nevi
Keratinocytic epidermal nevi (linear epidermal nevi, linear verrucous epidermal nevi)
176
most common benign tumors found within nevus sebaceus
richoblastoma (7% of nevus sebaceous cases) and syringocystadenoma papilliferum (5%)
177
most common malignant tumor found within nevus sebaceus
BCC
178
most common extracutaneous features of Epidermal nevus syndrome
ocular, neurologic, and skeletal systems
179
most commonly affected site of trichofolliculoma
nose
180
most common appendage tumor in children
**Pilomatricoma**
head and neck region is the most common site
181
182
most common potential malignant lesion of the oral mucosa, with the potential to become oral SCC
Leukoplakia
183
most common areas of erythroplakia in the oral cavity
soft palate, the floor of the mouth, and the buccal mucosa
184
most common cancers in humans
BCC
185
most common form of BCC
**nodular**; then superficial then morpheaform
186
nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found where?
and superficial is most often found where?
nodular and morpheaform BCC are most commonly found on the head and neck, and superficial is most often found on the trunk region
187
Most Common Gene Mutated in Sporadic Basal Cell Carcinoma
PTCH1
188
most common sites of metastasis of BCC
regional lymph nodes, lungs, and bone
189
second most common skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
190
most common skin cancer in immunosuppressed organ transplantation recipients worldwide
SCC
191
most common inherited pigmentary disorder of the skin
Oculocutaneous albinism, which is characterized by impaired melanin biosynthesis
192
most commonly reported symptom of paget’s disease
pruritus
193
Most commonly affected sites of MPD and EMPD
nilateral nipple/ areola (mammary Paget’s disease [MPD])
vulva, perianal skin, scrotum, and penis (extramammary Paget’s disease [EMPD])
194
most commonly affected area, representing 65% of EMPD cases but less than 2% of all vulvar neoplasms
vulva
195
most common subtype, accounting for approximately 70% of all cutaneous melanomas
SSM
196
subtype of melanoma most commonly associated with preexisting nevi
SSM
197
second most common melanoma subtype and accounts for approximately 15% to 30% of all melanomas.
nodular melanoma
198
MC site of nodular melanoma
trunk
199
most common location of lentigo maligna
chronically sun-exposed face, on the cheeks and nose in particular; the neck, scalp, and ears in men
200
most common site for ALM
sole
201
most common primary intraocular malignancy
uveal melanoma
202
most common endocrinopathy encountered in LCH
Diabetes insipidus
203
most common ocular complication of periocular hemangioma
Amblyopia
204
most common extracutaneous site for Infantile Hemangioma
liver
205
most common complication of IH
Ulceration
206
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is more common in what disease?
kaposiform hemangioendothelioma
may also develop in tufted angioma
207
most common disease-related causes of death of CTCL
immunosuppression and opportunistic infections
208
most common form of primary cutaneous lymphoma
MF
209
In darker-skinned individuals, this type of MF may be the most common presentation of the disease
hypopigmented MF
210
Most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents
Rhabdomyosarcoma
211
Most common single anatomic site of granular cell tumor
tongue
212
most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm and tends to occur in adults without gender predilection
Lipoma
213
Hibernoma usually arises in adults and the most common anatomic site is
thigh
214
most common cause of preventable childhood blindness in the world
Vitamin A deficiency
215
earliest and most common sign of copper deficiency and is a sensitive measure of treatment adequacy
Neutropenia
216
most common porphyria
PCT
217
only porphyria that can develop in absence of the mutation of the affected enzyme
PCT
218
most common cause of pyoderma gangrenosum
IBD
219
most frequently associated paraproteinemia
in PG
IgA
220
most common associated malignancy, and is seen in approximately 20% of patients with AL amyloidosis
Multiple myeloma
221
most common malignancies to metastasize to the skin in women
breast cancer, followed by colon cancer and melanoma
222
most common skeletal manifestation of NF-1
Scoliosis
223
most commonly identified vascular lesion in patients with NF-1
renal artery, leading to renovascular hypertension
224
most common form of CNV in children
IgA vasculitis
225
Infections and drugs may precipitate episodes of CNV. What are the most commonly recognized infectious agents ?
β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium leprae, and hepatitides B and C viruses
226
most common infection associated with CNV
Hepatitis C virus
227
most common cutaneous feature in patients with ANCAs
palpable purpura
228
Drugs that may cause vasculitis in association with ANCAs.
Propylthiouracil and hydralazine
229
most common cutaneous features of polyarteritis nodosa
livedo reticularis/racemosa
230
most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed nations
Kawasaki disease
231
most common of the PPDs to occur in children
Schamberg disease
232
most common cause of iatrogenic RP
β-Adrenergic blockers
233
most common complication of lymphatic malformation
Infection
234
most classic symptom of PAD
intermittent claudication
235
most common cause of venous valvular failure
thrombosis
236
most common cause of superficial purulent skin infections (pyodermas)
Staphylococcus aureus
237
Tularemia MC presentation
ulceroglandular
238
most frequent cause of SSTIs that present to emergency departments in the US
CA-MRSA
239
most common in individuals who have their hands in water for a great deal of time
Candidal paronychia
240
The most common causes of whitlow or felon
S. aureus and herpes simplex virus
241
most common site of involvement of erythrasma
web spaces of the feet, where erythrasma presents as a hyperkeratotic white macerated plaque, especially between the fourth and fifth toes
242
most common cause of pseudocellulitis
stasis dermatitis
243
most common staphylococcal toxin associated with TSS
TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1), and is the predominant toxin associated with menstrual-associated cases
244
Scarlet fever is a syndrome characterized by exudative pharyngitis, fever, and scarlatiniform rash. It is most commonly caused by
pyrogenic exotoxin producing group A Streptococcus
245
most common isolate found in community-acquired necrotizing soft-tissue infections
Streptococcus pyogenes, and in hospital-acquired infections, the most common isolates are Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.
246
For patients with diabetes, necrotizing infection caused by what bacteria is described with increased frequency
Klebsiella pneumoniae
247
most common causative organisms of clostridial myonecrosis
Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium novyi, Clostridium histolyticum, and Clostridium septicum
248
Cases related to trauma are most commonly caused by C. perfringens and spontaneous non–trauma-related cases are most commonly caused by
C. septicum
249
Clostridial myonecrosis in IV drug users is most commonly caused by
C. sordellii and C. novyi subspecies
250
With meningitis, the most common sequela is ?
sensorineural hearing loss or deafness
251
most common cause of right-sided infective endocarditis
intravenous drug use
252
most common clinical presentations of IE
fever and a new cardiac murmur
253
most common cause of IE in high-income countries
Staphylococcus aureus for both naïve and prosthetic valves
254
most common of plague, producing large tender lymph nodes (buboes) proximal to the site of fleabite
bubonic form
255
Human listeriosis is most common in what population
pregnant women, neonates, and patients with AIDS, and in foodborne outbreaks
256
The most common presentation of AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA INFECTIONS
cellulitis associated with a laceration, often followed by abscess formation or spread to deeper subcutaneous tissues
257
most common cause of disseminated bacterial infections in patients with AIDS in the United States, but is much less frequently so in Europe
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
258
most commonly affected organ in M. kansasii infection
the lung, usually in patients with other pulmonary conditions (silicosis, emphysema)
259
most common causative agent of ACTINOMYCOSIS, usually as part of a polymicrobial infection, mixed with anaerobes and Gram-positive cocci
Actinomyces israelii
260
Most common location of actinomycosis
**cervicofacial** (related to dental pathology), followed by chest wall, abdominal, and pelvic involvement.
The most common location is on the **jaw angle and high cervical area** (60%), followed by the cheek (16%), the chin (13%), and, less commonly, the temporomandibular joint and the retromandibular area.
261
MC agent of NOCARDIOSIS
Nocardia brasiliensis, Nocardia asteroides
262
MC agent of ACTINOMYCETOMA
Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Streptomyces somaliensis
263
MC agent of EUMYCETOMA
Madurella mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, Pseudallescheria boydii
264
MC agent of BOTRYOMYCOSIS
Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, P. aeruginosa
265
most common presentation of nocardiosis
pulmonary disease
266
Bacteremia resulting from Nocardia is seen in patients with concomitant malignancy. What agent is most commonly isolated?
N. asteroides
267
268
Which Nocardia species is most commonly associated with lung and systemic disease?
N. asteroides
269
What is the most common cause of primary cutaneous nocardiosis?
N. brasiliensis
270
Which genera is the most common isolated in superficial fungal infections in the United States?
Trichophyton
271
What is the most common cause of dermatophytosis of the skin?
Trichophyton rubrum
272
What is the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States?
Trichophyton tonsurans
273
Which organism remains the most common cause of tinea capitis in Europe?
M. canis
274
What is the most common form of onychomycosis?
Distolateral Subungual Type
275
In which age group is tinea capitis most commonly observed?
Children between the ages of 3 and 14 years
276
What is the second-most common type of dermatophytosis worldwide?
Tinea cruris
277
Which organism is the most common cause of human favus?
T. schoenleinii
278
What are the most common dermatophytoses?
* tinea pedis
* tinea manuum
279
What is the primary pulmonary form of coccidioidomycosis characterized by?
A chest infection with fever, cough, and chest pain
280
What is the most common clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis?
Meningoencephalitis
281
What is the most common clinical picture associated with Parvovirus B19?
Fifth disease
282
What is the most common cause of transient aplastic crisis in patients with chronic hemolytic anemias?
Parvovirus B19
283
What is the most common complication of intrauterine infection with B19?
Nonimmune fetal hydrops
284
What is the most common manifestation of EBV infection in adolescents and adults?
Infectious mononucleosis
285
True or False: Viral infections are the most common trigger of GCS.
True
286
What is the most common accompanying symptom of Gianotti Crosti syndrome?
Pruritus
287
What is the most common congenital viral infection in humans?
HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
288
What is the most common complication of a HHV-6 primary infection?
Febrile seizure
289
What are the most common causes of aseptic (viral) meningitis?
* Nonpolio enteroviruses
290
What is the most common serious complication associated with HFMD?
Aseptic meningitis
291
What are the two most common complications of coxsackievirus A6?
* Desquamation of the hands and feet
* Onychomadesis
292
What is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease worldwide?
Genital herpes
293
What is the most common cause of ulcerative genital disease?
Genital herpes
294
What infections are most commonly associated with a primary HSV-1 infection?
* Herpetic gingivostomatitis
* Pharyngitis
295
What is the most common precipitating event in cases of recurrent erythema multiforme?
Recurrent HSV infection
296
What is the most common debilitating complication of herpes zoster?
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN)
297
What is the most common complication of varicella in children?
Secondary bacterial infection of skin lesions
298
What is accidental vaccinia?
Autoinoculation of vaccinia virus from the vaccination site to another area
299
What are the most common causative agents of anogenital warts?
* HPV-6
* HPV-11
300
What is the most common cause of HIV infection globally?
HIV-1
301
What type of therapy is lipohypertrophy most commonly associated with?
Protease inhibitor therapy
302
What is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV?
Tuberculosis
303
What is the most common variant of psoriasis in HIV patients?
Plaque psoriasis
304
What is the most common and feared complication of chikungunya?
Chronic, episodic polyarthralgia or polyarthritis
305
What is the most common presentation of Chikungunya?
Morbilliform exanthem
306
What is the most common ophthalmic manifestation of early neurosyphilis?
Uveitis
307
What is the most common presentation of granuloma inguinale?
Ulcerogranulomatous type
308
What is currently the most common reported STD in the United States?
Chlamydia
309
What is the most common manifestation of gonococcal infection in men?
Urethritis
310
What is the most common cause of symptomatic non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
Chlamydia spp.
311
What is the most common site of chlamydia infection in men?
Urethra
312
What are the most common sites of chlamydia infection in women?
* Urethra
* Cervix
313
What is the most common vaginal infection in women ages 15 to 44 years?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
314
What are the most common risk factors for BV infection?
* Having sex at an early age
* New or multiple sex partners
315
What is the most common skin manifestation of leishmaniasis in India?
Post–Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis
316
What is the most common cause of intracerebral lesions in AIDS patients?
Toxoplasmic encephalitis
317
What is the most common presentation of neurocysticercosis?
Seizures
318
What is the most common cause of pyodermas of the scalp in the developed world?
Head lice
319
What is the most common cutaneous finding of Lyme borreliosis?
Erythema migrans rash
320
What is the most common systemic symptom after a hobo spider bite?
Severe headache
321
What is the most common pathogen in cat bite infections?
P. multocida
322
What is the most common etiologic agent of cat scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae
323
What type of formulation is most commonly chosen to deliver a dermatologic drug?
Emulsions (oil in water; >31% water)
324
What are the most common adhesives used?
* Acrylates
* Silicones
* Polyisobutylenes
325
What is the most common adverse effect associated with topical retinoid use?
Local skin irritation
326
What is the most common cutaneous side effect with bexarotene?
Localized or extensive exfoliative dermatitis
327
What are the most common adverse events reported with penicillins?
Hypersensitivity reactions
328
What is the most common adverse effect with hydroxyurea?
Myelosuppression
329
What is the most common sign of nail melanoma?
Longitudinal nail pigmentation
330
What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?
Pits
331
What is the most frequently associated tumor in porokeratosis?
SCC
332
What is the most frequent site of involvement in patients with MMP?
Mouth
333
What systemic disease is most frequently associated with EBA?
Inflammatory bowel disease
334
What is the most frequent finding of lipoid proteinosis?
Hoarseness
335
What is the most frequent symptom of Lipodermatosclerosis?
Intense pain
336
What is the most frequent location of erythema induratum and nodular vasculitis?
Posterior calf
337
What is the most frequent clinical pattern in men with AGA?
Male Pattern, Hamilton Norwood Type
338
What are the most frequently detected activating mutations of seborrheic keratosis?
* FGFR3
* PIK3CA
339
What is the most frequent sign of nail psoriasis?
Pits
## Footnote
Pits in nail psoriasis are deep and of regular size.
340
What is the most frequent malignant neoplasm of the nail?
Squamous cell carcinoma
341
Where is the most frequent site of herpes simplex virus infection in older individuals?
Vermilion border of the lip
342
What are the most frequently detected activating mutations in seborrheic keratosis?
FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes
343
What are the most frequent sites for blue nevi?
Dorsal hands and feet, scalp, buttocks, sacral skin
344
In acral melanoma, what is the most frequent targetable mutation?
BRAF mutation (21%)
345
What is the second most frequent targetable mutation in acral melanoma?
c-KIT mutation (13%)
346
What is the most frequent associated gammopathy in Pyoderma gangrenosum?
IgA paraproteinemia
347
In patients with only tripe palms, which malignancy is most frequently associated?
Pulmonary carcinoma, especially squamous cell type
348
In patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans, which carcinoma is most common?
Gastric carcinoma
349
What is the second most common carcinoma in patients with both tripe palms and acanthosis nigricans?
Lung carcinoma
350
Where does clubbing occur most frequently?
First, second, and fifth metacarpals; proximal phalanges of the hand; first metatarsal and proximal phalanges of the feet
351
What are the most frequent complications of Malignant Atrophic Papulosis (Degos Disease)?
GI hemorrhage, perforation, and peritonitis
352
What is the most frequent dermatologic manifestation in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome?
Livedo racemosa
353
What is the most frequently isolated P. aeruginosa serotype from pseudomonal folliculitis?
O-11
354
Which site is most frequently affected by orificial tuberculosis?
The tongue, particularly the tip and lateral margins
355
What is the most frequent form of actinomycosis?
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
356
What is the most frequent clinical sign of late-disseminated Lyme disease?
Inflammatory arthritis
357
What are the most frequent abnormalities in laboratory test results seen with retinoid therapy?
Serum lipid changes
