Mosquitos, Midges, and Flies

Question 1

flies general morphology

Answer 1

2 pairs of wings
-flying
-balance
antennae
6 legs
segmented body
feeding strategy reflected in morphology of mouthparts

Question 2

parasitic stages are

Answer 2

adult or larvae
almost never both!!

Question 3

sand flies, mosquitos, midges

Answer 3

small, delicate flies, weak fliers
aquatic habitats
only females blood suckers
control by avoiding aquatic habitats

Question 4

lutzomyia/ phlebotomus

Answer 4

sand fly
IH for Leshmania sp
moist, dark habitats

Question 5

cullicoides

Answer 5

stagnate “nasty water”
queensland itch
-hypersensitivity rxn
bluetongue virus/ epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus

Question 6

simulium

Answer 6

black flies
painful bite, big swarms
depression, dysorexia, SubQ edema
fresh/clean, fast flowing water

Question 7

mosquitos

Answer 7

complex metamorphosis
-larvae aquatic and non parasitic
only adult females parasitic
-require blood meal for ovarian development
obligate intermediate host for canine heartworm & malaria
biologic vectors for variety of arboviruses

Question 8

mosquito prevention

Answer 8

remove breeding sites
containers filled w water
clean gutters
remove excess vegetation
use repellents and CO2 traps during backyard activities

Question 9

horse flies

Answer 9

large robust flies
active during day, strong fliers
develop slowly, 1 gen a year
repetitive feeders
-females only for reproductive capabilities
-slashing mouthparts
-relentless in attack w painful bite
mechanical vector for equine infectious anemia and bovine leukosis virus
water, decaying organic matter

Question 10

musca domestica

Answer 10

common house fly
mecanical vector to many bacteria and pathogens including salmonella
obligate IH for draschia

Question 11

musca autumalis

Answer 11

face fly
major source of annoyance, keeps animals from grazing
vector and obligate IH (pink eye)
found on face, feed on ocular/ nasal discharge
-host protein required for sexual maturation
oviposition in fresh feces

Question 12

how to control non biting flies

Answer 12

feed through insecticides
-organophosphate additives pass through
prevent development of larvae
inhibits egg hatching

Question 13

hematobia irritans

Answer 13

horn fly
most important ectoparasite of cattle
-constant presence
-withers, base of horns, along back
-dark colored areas of cattle
oviposit in fresh manure
-90% of time on or around host
-short life cycle

Question 14

stomoxys calcitrans

Answer 14

stable fly
looks like house fly but with very painful bite
decreased productivity
oviposition in old feces, damp/decaying organic material
environmental sanitation key to control !obligate IH for habronema and trypanasoma evansi
vector for EIA

Question 15

blow fly

Answer 15

green, copper, blue, metallic, lay eggs

Question 16

flesh flies

Answer 16

smaller, dull colored, deposit larvae
parasitic larvae feed on suppurative tissue and healthy tissue
debride wounds
apply chemotherapy

Question 17

myiasis

Answer 17

tissue invasion by larval flies
can be primary or secondary

Question 18

primary myasis

Answer 18

penetration of normal tissues and fresh uninfected wounds as primary invader

Question 19

secondary myasis

Answer 19

invasion of suprative wounds, soiled fleece/hair coats
typically feed on necrotic tissues

Question 20

bot flies

Answer 20

larvae are obligate parasites of digestive tract and SubQ tissues
large, robust, hairy flies
adults free-living and generally non feeding
larval stages parasitic !!
highly host specific

Question 21

cochliomyia hominivorax

Answer 21

screwworm myiasis
reportable !!
adult flies lay eggs on host
-larvae enter via small skin wounds, natural openings, mucous membranes
consume healthy tissues

Question 22

gastrophilous sp

Answer 22

equine bot fly
highly seasonal
adults not parasitic
- DO NOT FEED
larvae parasitic in stomach
-genrally non pathogenic

Question 23

hide bots

Answer 23

in cattle
low in US b/c of widespread use of macrocyclic lactone drugs
production losses from cattle grazing and excess excercise from avoiding fly
hide damage, requires excess trimming, decrease $$$

Question 24

nasal bots

Answer 24

in sheep
adopt defensive posture to discourage flies from layign eggs
huddle together, noses inward & down
interfere w weight gain, not grazing

Question 25

treatment and prevention of bot flies

Answer 25

larvae removed surgically in companion animals
prophylactic treatment in cattle w/ pour-on macrocyclic lactone durg
–Treat before larvae migrate to overwintering sites !! b/c adverse rxns
nasal bots not treated
GI bots in horses do not require treatment but done anyways