Mosquitos, Midges, and Flies Flashcards
flies general morphology
2 pairs of wings
-flying
-balance
antennae
6 legs
segmented body
feeding strategy reflected in morphology of mouthparts
parasitic stages are
adult or larvae
almost never both!!
sand flies, mosquitos, midges
small, delicate flies, weak fliers
aquatic habitats
only females blood suckers
control by avoiding aquatic habitats
lutzomyia/ phlebotomus
sand fly
IH for Leshmania sp
moist, dark habitats
cullicoides
stagnate “nasty water”
queensland itch
-hypersensitivity rxn
bluetongue virus/ epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus
simulium
black flies
painful bite, big swarms
depression, dysorexia, SubQ edema
fresh/clean, fast flowing water
mosquitos
complex metamorphosis
-larvae aquatic and non parasitic
only adult females parasitic
-require blood meal for ovarian development
obligate intermediate host for canine heartworm & malaria
biologic vectors for variety of arboviruses
mosquito prevention
remove breeding sites
containers filled w water
clean gutters
remove excess vegetation
use repellents and CO2 traps during backyard activities
horse flies
large robust flies
active during day, strong fliers
develop slowly, 1 gen a year
repetitive feeders
-females only for reproductive capabilities
-slashing mouthparts
-relentless in attack w painful bite
mechanical vector for equine infectious anemia and bovine leukosis virus
water, decaying organic matter
musca domestica
common house fly
mecanical vector to many bacteria and pathogens including salmonella
obligate IH for draschia
musca autumalis
face fly
major source of annoyance, keeps animals from grazing
vector and obligate IH (pink eye)
found on face, feed on ocular/ nasal discharge
-host protein required for sexual maturation
oviposition in fresh feces
how to control non biting flies
feed through insecticides
-organophosphate additives pass through
prevent development of larvae
inhibits egg hatching
hematobia irritans
horn fly
most important ectoparasite of cattle
-constant presence
-withers, base of horns, along back
-dark colored areas of cattle
oviposit in fresh manure
-90% of time on or around host
-short life cycle
stomoxys calcitrans
stable fly
looks like house fly but with very painful bite
decreased productivity
oviposition in old feces, damp/decaying organic material
environmental sanitation key to control !obligate IH for habronema and trypanasoma evansi
vector for EIA
blow fly
green, copper, blue, metallic, lay eggs
flesh flies
smaller, dull colored, deposit larvae
parasitic larvae feed on suppurative tissue and healthy tissue
debride wounds
apply chemotherapy
myiasis
tissue invasion by larval flies
can be primary or secondary
primary myasis
penetration of normal tissues and fresh uninfected wounds as primary invader
secondary myasis
invasion of suprative wounds, soiled fleece/hair coats
typically feed on necrotic tissues
bot flies
larvae are obligate parasites of digestive tract and SubQ tissues
large, robust, hairy flies
adults free-living and generally non feeding
larval stages parasitic !!
highly host specific
cochliomyia hominivorax
screwworm myiasis
reportable !!
adult flies lay eggs on host
-larvae enter via small skin wounds, natural openings, mucous membranes
consume healthy tissues
gastrophilous sp
equine bot fly
highly seasonal
adults not parasitic
- DO NOT FEED
larvae parasitic in stomach
-genrally non pathogenic
hide bots
in cattle
low in US b/c of widespread use of macrocyclic lactone drugs
production losses from cattle grazing and excess excercise from avoiding fly
hide damage, requires excess trimming, decrease $$$
nasal bots
in sheep
adopt defensive posture to discourage flies from layign eggs
huddle together, noses inward & down
interfere w weight gain, not grazing
treatment and prevention of bot flies
larvae removed surgically in companion animals
prophylactic treatment in cattle w/ pour-on macrocyclic lactone durg
–Treat before larvae migrate to overwintering sites !! b/c adverse rxns
nasal bots not treated
GI bots in horses do not require treatment but done anyways
