Morpological plan of lower limbs Flashcards
Consider the movements of the thigh
Which muscles are responsible for flexion?
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
- Iliopsoas
Consider the movements of the thigh
Which muscles are responsible for extension?
- Gluteus maximus
- Hamstring
- Hamstring part of adductor magnus
Consider the movements of the thigh
Which muscles are responsible for abduction?
- Gluteus minimus
- Gluteus medius
Consider the movements of the thigh
Which muscles are responsible for adduction?
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor part of adductor magnus
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
Consider the movements of the thigh
Which muscles are responsible for medial and lateral rotation?
- Gluteal muscles
- Hamstrings
- Adductors
- Short rotators
How does the development of the lower limb allow for good propulsions
- Extensors are anterior, flexors are posterior (allows for good propulsion). This occurs due to medial rotation of lower limb during week 6-8 of development which brings the posterior compartment anterior
What are the functions of the lower limb
- Locomotion (walking)
- Weight bearing
- High stresses
Outline the movement facilitated by the hip, knee, ankle and foot joints
HIP joint
- Flexion, extension, medial/lateral rotation, abduction/adduction, circumduction
KNEE joint
- Flexion, extension, medial/lateral rotation
ANKLE joint
- Dorsiflexion (extension), plantarflexion (flexion)
FOOT joints
- Eversion, inversion, supination, pronation, extension, flexion
State the nerve roots of the femoral. obturator and sciatic nerves
- Femoral= L2-L4 (lumbar plexus)
- Obturator= L2-L4 (lumbar plexus)
- Sciatic= L4-S3 (sacral plexus)
Function of femoral nerve
Passes behind inguinal ligament
Motor- anterior compartment of thigh
Sensory- skin over anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot
Saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve? Nerve roots?
Function
- Femoral nerve
- L2-L4
- Sensory to medial leg and foot
Function of obturator nerve
Passes through obturator foramen
Motor- medial compartment of thigh (except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus)
Sensory- skin over medial thigh
Function of sciatic nerve
(passes through greater sciatic foramen)
Divisions
Motor: Posterior compartment of thigg, leg, foot and hamstring part of AM
Sensory: Lateral skin over leg and foot
In popliteal fossa becomes the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve (divides in deep and superficial)
- Lower down deep fibular and tibial nerve give rise to sural nerve
Describe the blood supply of the lower limbs and the structures through which the arteries pass
External iliac artery (inguinal ligament) Femoral artery --> profunda femoris artery (to posterior thigh) (adductor hiatus) Popliteal artery Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Which structures lie within the femoral triangle?
Which ones lie within the femoral canal, femoral sheath?
Lymphatics, femoral VAN
In femoral canal is lymphatics
In femoral sheath is the femoral vein and artery
Which structures make up the femoral triangle?
What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
- Sartorius
- Adductor longus
- Inguinal ligament
Femoral hernia (femoral canal), angioplasty, femoral nerve block, venepuncture
Where does the femoral artery travel under?
Adductor magnus into adductor hiatus
What are the major superficial veins of the lower limbs?
- Great saphenous vein
- Small saphenous vein
They drain dorsal venous arch of fott
What are varicose veins?
Damage to valves in perforating veins leading to pooling of bloods in superficial veins - varicosities
Describe the longest vein the the body
GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN
- drains medial side of arch
- medial side of lower limb
- Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle
Describe the short saphenous vein
- Drains lateral side of arch
- Pierces deep popliteal fascia
- Drains into popliteal vein
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs
Superficial inguinal nodes
- drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb
Deep inguinal nodes
- lies next to femoral vein in femoral triangle
Outline the dermatomes of the lower limb
ANTERIORLY (hands in pockets)
- L1, L2, L3,
- L4 (from lateral thigh, knee, medial leg)
- L5 (lateral knee and leg, middle toes)
- S1 (lateral ankle, little toe)
POSTERIORLY
- mainly S1 (lateral centre), and S2 (medial centre)
- L5= achillies, foot bottom
