Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

204- MSK > Anatomy of leg and foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of leg and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the foot?

A
  • support body weiight
  • stability/standing
  • locomotion/propulsion (lever)
  • shock absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

State the names of the bones of the foot

A

Tarsals: Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, middle cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

Metartarsals
(Sesamoid bones)
Phalanges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What movements are permitted by the foot/

A
  • dorsiflexion/extension
  • plantarflexion/flexion
  • eversion
  • inversion
  • supination (feet together on irregular surface)
  • pronation (feet apart on irregular surface)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What movements are permitted by the joints of the foot?

A

Ankle joint- dorsi/plantarflexion
Intertarsal joints- invert/evert, supinate/pronate
MTP joints- extension/flexion, limited abduction/adduction
IP joints- extension/flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle?

Which bones form its articulation?

A

Articulation between the throchlea of the talus and the lateral malleolus (fibula) and medial malleolus (tibia)

Synovial hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which ligaments stabilise the ankle?

What happens in injury?

A
  • Lateral collateral ligament from lateral malleolus to talus and calcaneus
  • Medial collateral ligament from medial malleolus to talus, calcaneus and navicular
  • Injury to lateral ligament (usually anterior talofibular ligament)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The subtalar joint is between which bones?

Allows for which movements?

A
  • between talus and calcaneus (+ navicular)

- allows inversion and eversion during locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The transverse tarsal joint is between which bones?

Allows for which movements?

A

Between calcaneus/talus and cuboid and navicular

Allows eversion and inversion, pronation and supination
- Important for standing on uneven ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the plantar aponeurosis?

Clinical significance?

A
  • Thickening of deep fascia which protects underlying structure and supports longitudinal arch
  • Originates from calcaneus with longitudinal bands to toes
  • Plantar fasciitis is inflammation due to overuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Briefly describe the arches of the foot and their functions

A
  • Longitudinal and transverse arches
  1. shock absorbers during locomotion
  2. act as springboards
  3. distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which longitudinal arch is most defined?

How are the longitudinal arches supported?

What is the clinical relevance of them?

A

Medial longitudinal arch is most defined

  • Supported by long tendond, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
  • Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is the transverse arch?

What structure supports the transverse arch?

A

Base of metatarsals

  • Supported by long tendons (mainly fibularis longus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For each muscle compartment of the leg state:

  • function
  • innervation
A

Anterior

  • dorsiflexion, inversion
  • deep fibular nerve

Posterior

  • plantarfllexion, invert
  • tibial nerve

Lateral

  • evert foot
  • superficial fibular nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the three muscles of the anterior compartment, their origin, insertion and innervation

A

Tibialis anterior

  • origin: tibia
  • dorsiflexion/invert foot

Extensor digitorum longus

  • fibula
  • extends lateral 4 toes

Extensor hallucis longus

  • fibula
  • extends great toe

Insert into flexor retinaculum
Supplied by deep fibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the foot, outline the insertion of the extensor tendons of the anterior compartment of leg

A

Tibialis anterior
- medial cuneiform and 1 st metartarsal

Extensor digitorum logus
- middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Extensor hallucis longus
- distal phalanx of great toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Consider the superficial muscles of posterior compartment of the leg

State their names, origins, insertions, function and innervation

A
  • Plantarflex foot and leg
  1. Gastrocnemius
    - from femoral condyles
  2. Soleus (under gastroc)
    - from tibia and fibula
  3. Plantaris (medial to soleus)
    - from femur

Insert into tendo calcaneus (achilles tendon)

Innervated by tibial nerve

17
Q

Consider the deep muscles of posterior compartment of the leg

State their names, origins, insertions, function and innervation

A
  • Innervates by tibial nerve
  • Insert into flexor retinaculum
  1. Tibialis posterior
    - origin: tibia
    - inverts foots
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
    - origin: fibula
    - flexes lateral 4 toes
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
    - origin: fibula
    - flexes great toes
18
Q

In the foot, outline the insertion of the flexor tendons of the posterior compartment of leg

A
  1. Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform and navicular
  2. Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges
  3. Flexor hallucus longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toes
19
Q

Consider the lateral compartment of the leg

Which muscles comprise it?
Origin and insertion?
Function?
Innervation

A
  1. Fibularis longus
    - everts and plantarflexes foot
    - maintains transverse arch
  2. Fibularis brevis
    - everts foot

From fibula to fibular retinaculum

Supplied by superficial fibular nerve

20
Q

In the foot, outline the insertion of the tendons of the lateral compartment of leg

A
  1. Fibularis longus inserts into medial cuneiform and 1st metartarsal
  2. Fibularis brevis inserts into 5th metatarsal
21
Q

What protective covering coats the long flexor tendons of the foot ?

A

Synovial sheaths

22
Q

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the foot

A

Form many layers

  • dorsal extensors form 1 layers
  • plantarflexors/abductors/adductors form 4 layers
23
Q

Outline the blood supply to the posterior compartment

A

Popliteal artery –> ant/posterior tibial artery

24
Q

What is the contents of the tarsal tunnel?

Clinical relevance?

A
  • Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus
  • Pulse
25
Q

Outline the arterial supply to the base of the foot

A

Posterior tibial artery gives off medial and lateral plantar artery

Lateral plantar artery forms deep plantar arch

26
Q

Where is dorsalis pedis?
Originates from?
Form anastomisis with?

Clinical relevance?

A

Between tibialis anterior (laterally) and extensor hallucis longus tendon (medially)

From anterior tibial artery
Forms anastomoses with deep plantar arch

PULSE

27
Q

Innervation of the leg is supplied by terminal branches of which nerve?

A

Sciatic

28
Q

Tibial nerve supplies which muscles?

Branches?

Clinical relevance?

A
  • Posterior compartment of leg and plantar intrinsic muscles (via medial and lateral plantar nerves)
  • Tarsal tunnel syndrome
29
Q

Common fibular nerve supplies which muscles?

Clinical relevance?

A
  • Deep fibular nerve supplies anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
  • Superficial fibular nerve supplies lateral compartment of leg
  • Trauma to common fibular nerve –> foot drop
30
Q

Describe the cutaneous nerves of the leg and foot

A

ANTERIOR

  • Upper lateral leg- common fibular
  • Lower lateral leg- superficial fibular
  • Little toe- sural
  • Dorsum of foot and middle toes - superficial fibular nerve
  • Space between big toe and 2nd toe- deep fibular nerve
  • Medial side of foot and leg - saphenous nerve

POSTERIOR
- Sural nerve

204- MSK (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions