Morphology And Lexicology

Question 1

Morphology

looking at how words are formed,

Answer 1

is the study of the structure of words, and seeing how they can be classified into different word classes (or parts of speech).

Question 2

Lexicology

language and its vocabulary.

Answer 2

We look at the nature and function of words, their meanings, their behaviours, and how they interact in a language.

Question 3

Free morphemes:

E.g. banana

Answer 3

words in their own right. They stand alone.

Question 4

Bound morphemes:

E.g. ‘s’ marks possession meaning more than one and all of our prefixes and suffixes.

Answer 4

words that cannot stand alone independently and must be attached (bound) to a free morpheme.

Question 5

Inflectional morphemes:

They are always suffixes, they attach to the end of words.

Answer 5

they do not change meaning or word class, they simply provide another additional grammatical information such as plurality, possession or tense.

Question 6

Derivational morphemes:

Answer 6

they change the meaning of words, create new words and can sometimes change the word class (whether it is a noun, adjective, verb etc.)

Question 7

Root morpheme/root word:

e.g. ‘unspeakable’ – speak

Answer 7

In other words, it is the morpheme that gives the word its main meaning.

Question 8

Affixation

(prefixes such as dis- or im-) or at the end (suffixes such as –ment or –er).

Answer 8

Refer to the morphemes that we add words either at the front or end. They all belong to a category know as affixes.

Question 9

Infixes

E.g. abso-bloody-lutely

Answer 9

refer to morphemes that can be added in the middle of a word. Standard English does not do this

Question 10

Function and content words

Answer 10

Members of all word classes can also be categorized as either function or content words.

Question 11

Function words:

Determiners, Auxiliary verbs, Modal verbs, Prepositions, Pronouns, Conjunctions, Interjections

Answer 11

hey exist to perform a job. Their most common function is to convey grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.

Question 12

Content words:

Nouns, Adjectives, Verbs, Adverbs

Answer 12

words in a sentence that carry real-word meaning and provide content of a sentence.

Question 13

What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphemes?

Answer 13

Derivational morphemes make fundamental changes to the meaning of the stem whereas inflectional morphemes are used to mark grammatical information.

Question 14

Define Morphology and lexicology

Answer 14

Morphology and Lexicology refers to the study of the internal structure of words or how they are formed.

Question 15

WORD CLASS

Answer 15

There are 9 word classes and some may have different types.

Question 16

1. Nouns (n) - WORD CLASS

Can be concrete (touchable, can be known through the senses) or abstract (ideas, concepts, emotions).

Proper nouns

Collective nouns:

Plural nouns:

Answer 16

Proper nouns: are always capitalized and name specific things. E.g. Melbourne, Imogene, Flinders St Station.
Collective nouns: include the names for groups of animals, people and things.
Plural nouns: used to indicate that there is more than one of that noun (plural form)

Question 17

2. Adjectives (adj) - WORD CLASS

Time: soon, later
Frequency: always, occasionally, never
Manner: unconvincingly, slowly, torrentially
Place: around, everywhere, here, there
Degree: completely, totally, very, somewhat

Answer 17

They define or modify nouns. They can refer to qualities (‘red’, ‘round’), size (‘tiny’, ‘huge’), judgements (‘’wicked’, ‘attractive’), or degree of comparison (‘faster’).

Question 18

3. Adverbs (adv) - WORD CLASS

Answer 18

A word that describes ta verb adjactive or another adverb

Question 19

5. Determiners (d) - WORD CLASS

This. That. These. Those.

Answer 19

Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether your are referring to something specific or somethings of a particular type.

Question 20

6. Pronouns (pron or pn) - WORD CLASS

A pronoun takes the place of a noun, or it may replace a person’s name.

Subject pronouns: I

Possessive pronouns: mine,

Relative pronouns: that,

Demonstrative pronouns: this,

Answer 20

Subject pronouns: I, we, they, you, she, he, it
Object pronouns: me, us, them, you, her, him, it

Possessive pronouns: mine, ours, theirs, yours, hers, his, its

Relative pronouns: that, who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever

Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those

Question 21

7. Prepositions (prep or p)- WORD CLASS

Where is the dog? Under the desk, behind the couch, in its kennel.
How did you create the picture? With photoshop, by manipulating an image.

Answer 21

A word showing the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word.

Question 22

8. Interjections (int) - WORD CLASS

These words can stand alone or be placed before or after a sentence.

Uh-oh! Oh no! Hey!

Answer 22

An interjection is a strong feeling or reaction.

They are not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence.

Int can also include swear words, greetings, and other signaling words.

Question 23

9. Conjunctions (conj or cj) - WORD CLASS

Coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS

Subordinating conjunctions

• Causational:
• Conditional:
• Comparative:

Answer 23

A conduction joins words and groups of words within a sentence.

Coordinating conjunctions: used to link words, phrases and clauses together.
for, and, nor, but, or , yet and so

Subordinating conjunctions: can only join clauses together.

Causational: because, since

Conditional: if … then, unless

Comparative: while, whereas

Question 24

Count nouns and non- count nouns

Answer 24

Count nouns are nouns that can be counted and can therefore also be made plural e.g. ‘coin’, ‘book’ and non-count nouns refer to things that cannot be counted – traffic, information.

Question 25

Auxiliary verbs (aux):

was, has been), form questions – (do), form negatives (I do not like…

Answer 25

refer to verbs that modify and change some aspect of a main verb. They create the range of tenses found in English - (was, has been), form questions – (do), form negatives (I do not like…)

Question 26

Modal verbs (aux)

can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might and must

Answer 26

They carry information to do with notions such as ability, permission, likelihood and onligation.

Question 27

Word formation processes

 Neo.... 
Conv..... 
Bl..... 
Cont..... 
Init...... 
Coll...... 
Acron....... 
Bor....... 
Sho...... 
Commo.... 
Comp.... 
Arch.....

Answer 27

Neologisms 
Conversion
Blends	
Contractions
Initialisms	
Collocations
Acronyms	
Borrowing
Shortenings	Commonisation
Compounding	 
Archaism

Question 28

Word formation processes

 Neo.... 
Conv..... 
Bl..... 
Cont..... 
Init...... 
Coll...... 
Acron....... 
Bor....... 
Sho...... 
Commo.... 
Comp.... 
Arch.....

Answer 28

Neologisms 
Conversion
Blends	
Contractions
Initialisms	
Collocations
Acronyms	
Borrowing
Shortenings	Commonisation
Compounding	 
Archaism

Question 29

Morphological over-generalisation

Proudfoots instead of Proudfeet!

Answer 29

Occurs when we incorrectly apply patterns we already know to new words

Question 30

Word loss

archaic’ or ‘obsolete’

Answer 30

When an object or concept disappears from society, so too does the use of the related word.

Obsolete words occur on social media from time to time if someone believes that word deserves a comeback