Morphology Flashcards
affix
bound morpheme that attaches to a stem
Affixation
process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes
agglutinating language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between words in a sentence are indicated primarily by bound morphemes. morphemes are joined together loosely so that it us easy to determine where the boundaries between morphemes are
allomorph
one set of non distinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar
alternation
uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions
ambiguity
the phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression. the form that is shared by more than one expression is said to be ambiguous
analytic language
type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order
bound morpheme
morpheme that has some associated basic meaning but that is unable to stand alone as a word on its own right
bound root
morpheme that has some associated basic meaning, but that is unable to stand alone as a word in its own right
closed lexical category
in which the members are fairly rigid established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time
compounding
word formation process by which words are formed through combining two or more are formed through combining 2 or more independent words
conjunction
a lexical category that consists of function words
content morpheme
morpheme that carries semantic content (as opposed to merely performing grammatical function)
content word
a word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. all free content morphemes are content words
derivation
a process by which an underlying form is changed as phonological rules act upon it
determiner
the name of a lexical category and syntactic category that consists of expressions such as a this all etc. syntactically, consists of those expressions of category noun phrase
form
a structure or shape of any particular linguistic item
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone as a word
function morpheme
morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationship between words in a sentence
function word
a word that has little semantic content and whose primary purpose is to indicate grammatical relationships between other words within a phrase
fusional language
a type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem
hierarchical structure
the dominance relationship at relatively high area of the oral cavity
homophony
the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form (sound the same)
incorporation
morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in poly synthetic language
infix
type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem
inflection
a morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as a person, number, tense, gender etc
input
linguistic form before the application of a rule or set of rules
lexical category
class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. traditionally known as part of speech
lexicon
a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form, meaning, morphological and syntactic properties. as part of a descriptive not mental, grammar, the lexicon i the representation of the mental lexicon consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function
open lexical category
new member are often introduced
output
the linguistic form obtained after an application of a rules or set of rules
partial reduplication
only part of a morpheme is reduplicated
polysynthetic language
a type if language tat attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships
prefix
affix that attaches to the beginning of the stem
preposition
the name of a lexical category that consists of expressions such as of in for with etc. syntactically, this category consists of those expressions that when combined with a noun phrase to their right result in a prepositional phrase
productive
describes a rule (stating under what circumstances an affix may be added to a stem)that can be applied in novel situations to produce novel grammatical forms
pronoun
lexical category that consists of words such as I she us etc. syntactically, pronouns belong to the category
reduplication
process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word
reduplicant
the morpheme of part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication
root
free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach
simultaneous affix
an affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word
stem
the base consisting of one or more morphemes to which some affix is added. the stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes
suffix
affix that attaches to the end of a stem
suppletion
morphological process between forms of a words wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other
