Language acquistition

Question 1

Innate

Answer 1

Determined by factors present a birth

Question 2

innateness hypothesis

Answer 2

a hypothesis that humans are genetically predisposed to learn language

Question 3

imitation theory

Answer 3

child language acquisition that claims that children acquire language by listening to the speech around them and reproducing what they hear

Question 4

reinforcement theory

Answer 4

Theory of child language acquisition which says that children learn to speak like adults because they are praised, rewarded or otherwise reinforced when they use the right forms and are corrected when they use the wrong ones

Question 5

active construction of grammar theory

Answer 5

Theory of child language which says children acquire language by inventing rues rules of grammar based on speech around them

Question 6

connectionist theory

Answer 6

Theory of language acquisition which claims that children learn language though neural connections in the brain. A child develops such connection through exposure to language and by using language

Question 7

linguist universals

Answer 7

property believed to be held in common by all natural languages

Question 8

critical period

Answer 8

age span, usually described as lasting from birth to onset of puberty, during which children must have exposure to language and must build critical brain structures necessary in order to gain naive speaker competence in a language

Question 9

high amplitude sucking

Answer 9

experimental technique used to study sound discrimination in infants from birth to 6 months. infants are given a special pacifier that is connected to a sound generating machine. each suck on the pacifier generates noise , and infants sucking behavior is used to draw conclusions about discriminating abilities

Question 10

condition head turn procedure

Answer 10

experimenting technique usually used with infants 5-18 months with 2 phases: conditioning and testing. During the conditioning phase, the infant learns to associate a change in sound with the activation of visual reinforces, first presented at the same time and then in succession, such that the infant begins to anticipate the appearance and look at them before they appear.

Question 11

voice onset time

Answer 11

The length of time between the release of consonant and the onset of voicing, that is, when ht vocal cords start vibrating

Question 12

articulatory gestures

Answer 12

movement of a speech organ in the production of speech for example, the movement of the velum for the production of nasal consonant

Question 13

canonical babbling

Answer 13

continuous repetition of sequences of vowels and consonants like mamamama by infants, also called repeated babbling

Question 14

variegated babbling

Answer 14

production of meaningless consonant-vowel sequences by infants

Question 15

holophrastic stage

Answer 15

first language acquisition stage where children can only produce word word at a time

Question 16

telegraphic

Answer 16

p phrase during child language acquisition in which children use utterances composed primarily of content words

Question 17

complexive concept

Answer 17

a term used in te study of child language acquition. a group of items that a child refers to wit a single word for which it is not possible to single out any one unifying property

Question 18

overextension

Answer 18

in the study of child language acquition a relationshi p between child and adult perception of a words meaning. the child application of a given word has a wider ranger that the application of a thee same word in adult language

Question 19

deictic expressions

Answer 19

word or expression that takes its meaning relative to the time, place and utterance

Question 20

language mixing

Answer 20

using words or structural elements from where from more than one language within the a single sentence or phrase

Question 21

fossilization

Answer 21

process through which forms fro a speakers non native language usage become fixed and do not change even after year of instruction

Question 22

feral children

Answer 22

child who grew up without the the care of adults, often in the wild with animals

Question 23

homesign

Answer 23

rudimentary visual- gestural communication system that is developed a and used by deaf children and there families when a signed language is not made available for their communication

Question 24

social interaction theory

Answer 24

The theory of language acquisition that claims that children acquire language through social interaction - in particular with older children and adults - and prompt their caregivers to supply them with the appropriate language experience they need

Question 25

child directed speech

Answer 25

speech used by parents and caregivers when communicating with young children or infants. many western societies, child directed speech is slow and high pitched and has many repetitions, simplified syntax, exaggerated intonation and simple and concrete vocab

Question 26

onset time

Answer 26

in a syllable, any consonant that occurs before a rhyme

Question 27

under extension

Answer 27

application of a word to a smaller set of objects than is appropriate for mature adult speech or the usual definition of the word

Question 28

relational term

Answer 28

type of relationship between adj and noun reference where the reference of the adj is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 29

attention holder

Answer 29

a tactic used to maintain children’s attention for extended amounts of time

Question 30

attention getter

Answer 30

word or phrase used to initiate an address to children

Question 31

infant directed speech

Answer 31

speech used by parents and caregivers when communicating with young children or infants. many western societies, child directed speech is slow and high pitched and has many repetitions, simplified syntax, exaggerated intonation and simple and concrete vocab

Question 32

conversational turns

Answer 32

the contribution to a conversation made by one speaker from the time that she takes the floor from another speaker to the time that she passes the floor to another speaker

Question 33

neglected children

Answer 33

child who grew up without the the care of adults, often in the wild with animals

Question 34

babble

Answer 34

a phase in child language acquisition during which the child produces meaningless sequences of consonants and owels. Generally begins around the age of 6 months

Question 35

second language acquisition

Answer 35

second language acquisition as a teenager or adult

Question 36

simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 36

both languages are acquired from infancy

Question 37

sequential bilingulism

Answer 37

one language is learned after the other

Question 38

multilingual

Answer 38

fluently speaking more than 2 languages

Question 39

relative intersection

Answer 39

type of relationship between adj and noun reference where the reference of the adj is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 40

bilingual

Answer 40

fluent in 2 languages