What do the suffixes mean and what do they do? 1. -ly 2. -ee

State what suffixes are being described: 1. ( in an X-manner) - Attaches to almost any adj. changes speech from adj . to adv . 2. ( one who is subjected to being X-ed ) attaches only to verbs, describing actions of humans on humans changes part of speech to a noun. ( p. 3 Lecture 2 hand out )

State what suffixes are being described: 1. ( in an X-manner) - Attaches to almost any adj. changes speech from adj . to adv . 2. ( one who is subjected to being X-ed ) attaches only to verbs, describing actions of humans on humans changes part of speech to a noun. ( p. 3 Lecture 2 hand out )

What do the suffixes mean and what do they do? 1. -ly 2. -ee

Morphology Flashcards by Simon Justesen

Give two examples of the word formation process:

blending

What type of word formation process are the following words examples of?

slanguage (slang + language)

motel (motor + hotel)

smog (smoke + fog)

telemarketing (telephone + marketing)

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Define the concept:

reduplication

State the concept:

“… the process of forming new words either by doubling an entire free morpheme (total) or part of it (partial).

e.g.,

Mama, hocus-pocus,

hoity-toity.”

(p. 19. AM)

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Define the concept:

compounding

state the concept:

“…the formation of a new word by assembling two content/free morphemes.”

e.g.,

Olive oil, Facebook, Flat-foot.

(p.14 AM)

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Define the concept:

morpheme internal change

State the concept:

The word formation process that uses a change in the morpheme to generate a new word.

Examples:

Nouns: man - men, goose - geese

Verbs: ring, rang, rung. Swim, swam, swum.

Noun to Verb: Strife - strive, teeth - teethe

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Give the definition of the term:

content morpheme

What type of morpheme is it?

This class of morphemes has “independent, identifiable meaning, or indicates change in meaning when added to a stem/root”.

e.g.,

neighbor-hood, loneli-ness.

(p.6 handout 1)

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What type of word formation are the following words examples of?

Scuba (Self-contained underwater breathing apperatus)

Lazer (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emmision of Radiation”)

Soweto (South Western Township)

Fubar (Fucked up beyond all recognition)

Give two examples of word formation by:

akronymization

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Define the concept:

affixation

State the concept:

When words are formed by the combination of bound affixes and free morphems.

e.g.,

doubt(free)-ing(bound)

shame(free)-less(bound)

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What do the suffixes mean and what do they do?

State what suffixes are being described:

( “in an X-manner”)
- Attaches to almost any adj.

changes speech from adj. to adv.

( “one who is subjected to being X-ed” )

attaches only to verbs,

describing actions of humans on humans

changes part of speech to a noun.

( p. 3 Lecture 2 hand out )

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In the English language, what caracterizes

inflectional suffixes

State the class of morphemes:

They do not change the meaning or part of speech. They create new forms of the same word.
e. g., big, bigg-er, bigg-est are all adjectives.
They typically indicate syntactic or semantic relations between the different words in a sentence.
They are very productive. Typically, they occur with all members of some large class of morphemes,
e. g, the plural morheme -s

occurs with almost all nouns.

They occur at the very end of a word and always following after any derivational suffix that attaches to the root or stem.

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Give two examples of the process of word formation:

clipping

removing more than one morpheme

from the original word

Which word formation process are the following words examples of?

mic/mike (microphone)

typo (Typographical error)

pram (perambulator)

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What type of word formation process is active here?

ding-dong
pop
yuck
slurp

( p. 5 Lecture 2 hand out )

Give two examples of word formation by means of:

Sound symbolism

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Which word formation process are the following words examples of?

mic/mike (microphone)

typo (Typographical error)

pram (perambulator)

Give two examples of the process of word formation:

clipping

removing more than one morpheme from the original word

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What does the concept entail:

duality of patterning

State the concept:

A feature of human language that states that human language is organized on two levels:

The sound level with a limited number of units which differentiates meaning (phonemes).
The “grammatical” level with an open number of units which carry meaning (linguistic signs or morphemes).

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State what suffixes are being described:

( “in an X-manner”)
- Attaches to almost any adj.

changes speech from adj. to adv.

( “one who is subjected to being X-ed” )

attaches only to verbs,

describing actions of humans on humans

changes part of speech to a noun.

( p. 3 Lecture 2 hand out )

What do the suffixes mean and what do they do?

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What type of morpheme is it?

This class of morphemes has “independent, identifiable meaning, or indicates change in meaning when added to a stem/root”.

e.g.,

neighbor-hood, loneli-ness.

(p.6 handout 1)

Give the definition of the term:

content morpheme

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state the concept:

“…the formation of a new word by assembling two content/free morphemes.”

e.g.,

Olive oil, Facebook, Flat-foot.

(p.14 AM)

Define the concept:

compounding

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What kind of word formation proces are the following words examples of?

This word formation process prescribes that the same morphological form represents two different word classes:

A hug - to hug

A comb - to comb

A kiss - to kiss

Give two examples of word formation by:

zero-derivation/conversion

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State the concept:

“… the process of forming new words either by doubling an entire free morpheme (total) or part of it (partial).

e.g.,

Mama, hocus-pocus,

hoity-toity.”

(p. 19. AM)

Define the concept:

reduplication

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What type of word formation process are the following words examples of?

to imprínt - an ímprint

To permít - a pérmit

to combíne - a cómbine

Give two examples of word formation by:

stress shift

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State the concept:

This principle states that:

only a small number of the speech sounds which humans can make are linguistically relevant.
In a given language, speech sounds are always perceived categorically and sounds that belong in the same category are classified as being equivalent (i.e., realizations of one phoneme).

Describe the concept:

the phonemic principle

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What type of word formation process are the following words examples of?

slanguage (slang + language)

motel (motor + hotel)

smog (smoke + fog)

telemarketing (telephone + marketing)

Give two examples of the word formation process:

blending

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in English, what parts of speech are both:

free morphemes

and

function morphemes

Under what two classes of morphemes do these belong?

Prepositions
Articles
Pronouns
Conjunctions

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Describe the concept:

the phonemic principle

State the concept:

This principle states that:

only a small number of the speech sounds which humans can make are linguistically relevant.
In a given language, speech sounds are always perceived categorically and sounds that belong in the same category are classified as being equivalent (i.e., realizations of one phoneme).

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State the class of morphemes:

They change the part of speech or the meaning of a word, e.g., -ment added to a verb forms a noun. E.g., agree-ment.
They typically indicate semantic relations within a word, but no syntactic relations outside the word. e.g., happy is negated by adding the prefix un-.
They are usually not very productive. they are generally very selective about what parts of speech they’ll combine with. E.g. -hood only attaches to a few nouns (brother, neighbor and knight)
They typically occur before inflectional suffixes, e.g., govern-ment(der.)-s(infl.).
They may be prefixes or suffixes in English.

State the characteristics of:

derivational affixes

State the three key steps in the process of: morphological analysis

State the concept described: * Isolate and compare forms that are partially similar. E.g., write vs write-s. real vs real-ity. * If a single phonetic form has two distinctive meanings, it must be analyzed as representing two different morphemes. e. g., The derivational suffix in the noun work-er vs the inflectional suffix in the adjective higher. * If the same meaning is associated with different phonetic forms, these different forms all represent the same morpheme (they are allomorphs) and the choice of form should be predictable on the basis of the phonetic environment. e. g., the derivational prefix in- (meaning not) occurs in three different forms based on the following sound. Hence: **_im_**balance, **_in_**justice and **_in_**complete (the 'eng' - n as in sing) (P. 24 AM)

# Define the concept: suppletion

state the concept: "...the exception to all the other formation processes." Typically associated with irregular verbs. e.g., The verb 'to be': Simple present 1st. person: 'I am' Simple past 1st person: 'I was_'_. Present perfect 1st person: 'I have been': (p. 20. AM)

Give two examples of word formation by: stress shift

What type of word formation process are the following words examples of? to imprínt - an ímprint To permít - a pérmit to combíne - a cómbine

Describe the term as it relates to compound words: exocentric

State the term: When the meaning of a compound word is not predictable from the parts of the compound. e.g., Flat-foot(police man) Egghead(intellectual geek) Deadline

How is the order of operation in: the word formation process

What concept is this the desricption of? * Affixes only attach to specific parts of speech and create new words of a certain part of speech. E.g, - able attaches only to verbs and forms only adjectives. * Any given word is structured in a hierarchy E.g., -un (meaning not), attaches only to adjectives. Thus it follows that the word un-us-able is formed by -able first attaching to the stem, use, rendering the word usable and then attaching -un to form a new adjective, unusable.

Give two examples of word formation by: eponymization

What word formation process are the following words examples of? boycott (from the Irishman, Captain Charles Boycott) einsteinium (Synthetic element named after the theoretical phycisist, Albert Einstein) watt (named after the Scottish engineer, James Watt)

State the characteristics of: derivational affixes

State the class of morphemes: * They change the part of speech or the meaning of a word, e.g., -ment added to a verb forms a noun. E.g., agree-ment. * They typically indicate semantic relations within a word, but no syntactic relations outside the word. e.g., happy is negated by adding the prefix un-. * They are usually not very productive. they are generally very selective about what parts of speech they'll combine with. E.g. -hood only attaches to a few nouns (brother, neighbor and knight) * They typically occur before inflectional suffixes, e.g., govern-ment(der.)-s(infl.). * They may be prefixes or suffixes in English.

State the term that denotes: different forms of one morpheme ( p.1 Lecture 2 handout)

# Define the concept: Allomorphs

State the term that denotes: different forms of one morpheme ( p.1 Lecture 2 handout)

Give two examples of word formation by: akronymization

What type of word formation are the following words examples of? Scuba (Self-contained underwater breathing apperatus) Lazer (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emmision of Radiation”) Soweto (South Western Township) Fubar (Fucked up beyond all recognition)

Give two examples of word formation by: zero-derivation/conversion

What kind of word formation proces are the following words examples of? This word formation process prescribes that the same morphological form represents two different word classes: A hug - to hug A comb - to comb A kiss - to kiss

state the concept: the ability of a speaker of a given language to apply the patterns in their lexicon in the production of new words. E.g., If you know that you form the plural of nouns by adding and -s to the singular form then you can theoretically create an endless number of new recognizable words.

Define the linguistic concept: productivity

# define the concept: Morphology

state the concept: "the study of: * how words are structured and * how they are put together from smaller parts." (AM p. 4)

Describe the concept as it relates to compounds: endocentric

State the concept: When the meaning of a compound word is determined (in part) by the meaning of its parts. e.g., girlfriend, bathtub, rubber boot

# Define the concept: suppletion

State the concept: When words are formed by the combination of bound affixes and free morphems. e.g., doubt(free)-ing(bound) shame(free)-less(bound)

# Define the concept: affixation

state the concept: "the study of: * how words are structured and * how they are put together from smaller parts." (AM p. 4)

# define the concept: Morphology

State the three key steps in the process of: morphological analysis

State the concept: A feature of human language that states that human language is organized on two levels: * The sound level with a limited number of units which differentiates meaning (phonemes). * The "grammatical" level with an open number of units which carry meaning (linguistic signs or morphemes).

What does the concept entail: duality of patterning

Under what two classes of morphemes do these belong? * Prepositions * Articles * Pronouns * Conjunctions

in English, what parts of speech are both: free morphemes and function morphemes

State the concept: When the meaning of a compound word is determined (in part) by the meaning of its parts. e.g., girlfriend, bathtub, rubber boot

Describe the concept as it relates to compounds: endocentric

State the term: When the meaning of a compound word is not predictable from the parts of the compound. e.g., Flat-foot(police man) Egghead(intellectual geek) Deadline

Describe the term as it relates to compound words: exocentric

Give two examples of word formation by: eponymization

state the concept: the smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function". (AM p.4)

# Define the concept: a morpheme

State the class of morphemes: * They do not change the meaning or part of speech. They create new forms of the same word. e. g., big, bigg-er, bigg-est are all adjectives. * They typically indicate syntactic or semantic relations between the different words in a sentence. * They are very productive. Typically, they occur with all members of some large class of morphemes, e. g, the plural morheme -s occurs with almost all nouns. * They occur at the very end of a word and always following after any derivational suffix that attaches to the root or stem.

In the English language, what caracterizes inflectional suffixes

What class of morphemes is it? * This class of morphemes provides information about grammatical functions. * They have no meaning out of context. e. g., - ing, -ed, -s, the, do, am, on, and, her, my. (p. 6 handout 1.)

Define the concept: function morphemes

# Define the concept: a morpheme

state the concept: the smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function". AM p.4

State the concept: The word formation process that uses a change in the morpheme to generate a new word. Examples: Nouns: man - men, goose - geese Verbs: ring, rang, rung. Swim, swam, swum. Noun to Verb: Strife - strive, teeth - teethe

# Define the concept: morpheme internal change

Define the linguistic concept: productivity

Give two examples of word formation by means of: Sound symbolism

What type of word formation process is active here? 1. ding-dong 2. pop 3. yuck 4. slurp ( p. 5 Lecture 2 hand out )

How is the order of operation in: the word formation process

Give two examples of word formation by: Back formation: Stripping of one affix

What type of word formation process is active here? 1. (to) 'edit' from 'editor' 2. (to) cliffhang from 'cliffhanger' 3. (to) babysit from 'babysitter'

Give two examples of word formation by: Back formation: Stripping of one affix

Morphology Flashcards

Familiarize yourself with some of the basic concepts in the study of morphology