Articulatory Phonetics, and Phonology Flashcards
Familiarize yourself with some of the basic concepts in the field of articulatory phonetics
What characterizes the production of:
Nasals
[m], [n], [ŋ]
What subgroup of consonant speech sounds is this a description of?
The egressive pulmonic airstream is allowed to escape through the nasal cavity by lowering the velum
( p.5 Lecture 3 handout )
state the members belonging to this class and what feature defines the class:
obstruents
What concept do the following groups of consonant sounds fall under?
Plosives
Fricatives
Affricates
All three are produced by obstructing the air flow
(p. 28 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
describe the airstream:
The
egressive pulmonic airstream
What is the term for:
an airstream that originates in the lungs and moves through the vocal tract and out of the nose and/or mouth
Under what concept can the following list of articulators be subsumed?
- the upper jaw
- the incisiors
- The molars
- the alveolar ridge
- The hard palate
( P. 19-20 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
State the members belonging to the class of:
Passive articulators
What does the concept entail?
complementary distribution
State the name of the concept that signifies:
If two similar sounds do not occur in the same environment
e.g. ‘imbalance’, injustice.
Prediction possible:
which of the two sounds that will occur in a given phonetic environment
e.g. The voiced bilabial nasal, [m], preceding the voiced bilabial plosive, [b], and
The voiced alveolar nasal, [n], preceding the voiced post-alveolar affricate, [dʒ]
state the members belonging to this class and what feature defines the class:
sonorants
What concept do the following groups of consonant sounds fall under?
Nasals
Approximants
They use the resonance of the pharynx, the oral cavity and in some cases the nasal cavity
(p. 28 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
State the name of:
the area immedeately above the windpipe/trachea
Where is it situated?
The larynx
In what standardized dialects of English are these the vowel phoneme inventory?
Unrounded:
[i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɜ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɑ]
Rounded:
[ɔ], [ʊ], [u], [ɒ] (RP)
( p . 64 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
How many are there of this category of sounds in GA and RP?
bonus: List as many of them as you can using example word
vowels
( RP & GA)
Which concept is defined by the following:
Sounds formed at the same place of articulation
Define the concept:
Homorganic
e.g. [d] & [n], [b] & [m]
How many are there of this category of sounds in RP and GA?
bonus: List as many of them as you can using example words
vowels
In what standardized dialects of English are these the vowel phoneme inventory?
Unrounded:
[i], [ɪ], [ɛ], [æ], [ɜ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɑ]
Rounded:
[ɔ], [ʊ], [u], [ɒ] (RP)
( p . 64 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
Define the concept:
closure stage
What term is described here?
the stage in which
an active articulator makes contact with a passive a articulator blocking the airstream.
Hence air pressure builds up behind the stricture caused by the adjoining two articulators.
related terms:
‘hold stage’ & ‘release stage’
(p. 76 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
What concept do the following groups of consonant sounds fall under?
Nasals
Approximants
They use the resonance of the pharynx, the oral cavity and in some cases the nasal cavity
(p. 28 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
state the members belonging to this class and what feature defines the class:
sonorants
What characterizes this type of speech sounds?
Vowels
What type of speech sounds has the following characteristics?
a sound produced without a stricture
The sound is manipulated through differences in the positions of the tongue, and lips, changing the overall shape of the vocal tract in order to produce this group of speech sounds.
( p. 20 - 21 Bohn & Caudery 2014 )
What sub-group of consonant speech sounds is this the characterization of?
a rapid succession of
plosive + fricative
(formed at the same place of articulation)
( p. 5 Lecture 3 handout)
What characterizes the production of:
Affricates
[tʃ] [dʒ],
For the description of what subgroup of speech sounds are these parameters necessary?
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation
Voicing
state the three parametres involved in the description of:
The articulatory description of consonants
What characterizes the production of:
Approximants
[l], [ɹ], [ɻ], [j], [w]
What subgroup of consonant speech sounds is this the description of?
The tongue affects the quality of the sound without either blocking or seriously interfering with the flow of air through the mouth.
The egressive pulmonic airstream escapes either:
- over the sides of the tongue = the first sound in lead
- or centrally over the tongue = the first sound in read
(p. 5 Lecture 2 handout & p. 27 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
State the overall type of speech sound that is characterized by:
a stricture in the supralaryngeal vocal tract
- complete closure = stop sounds
- partial closure = fricatives
- approximation = approximants
( p. 20-21 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
What characterizes this type of speech sounds?
Consonants
what subgroup of speech sounds are produced by:
a supralaryngeal stricture
state how the subgroup of speech sounds are produced:
consonants
Describe the production of the effect:
Voiceless
State the appropiate term:
an effect generated by producing speech sounds with the vocal folds wide open
What characterizes this type of speech sounds?
Consonants
State the overall type of speech sound that is characterized by:
a stricture in the supralaryngeal vocal tract
- complete closure = stop sounds
- partial closure = fricatives
- approximation = approximants
( p. 20-21 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
What subgroup of consonant speech sounds is this a description of?
The egressive pulmonic airstream is allowed to escape through the nasal cavity by lowering the velum
( p.5 Lecture 3 handout )
What characterizes the production of:
Nasals
[m], [n], [ŋ]
What type of vowel sounds are produced the following way:
- On-glide = starting position
- off-glide = closing position
e. g. ‘oyster’ = ɔ(on-glide) ɪ (off-glide) stəɻ (GA)
( p. 41 Bohn & caudery 2014)
State the two phases involved in the production of the vowel sounds:
diphthongs
state the word:
the airstream’s contribution to speech production
(p. 16 B & C)
what is it?
It provides the energy that is then manipulated in the vocal tract to form recognizable sounds
what is it?
It provides the energy that is then manipulated in the vocal tract to form recognizable sounds
state the word:
the airstream’s contribution to speech production
(p. 16 B & C)
State the concept comprising the following three cavities:
the pharynx
the nasal cavity
the oral cavity
State the three cavities that make up the:
Supralaryngeal vocal tract
What subgroup of consonant speech sounds is this the description of?
The tongue affects the quality of the sound without either blocking or seriously interfering with the flow of air through the mouth.
The egressive pulmonic airstream escapes either:
- over the sides of the tongue = the first sound in lead
- or centrally over the tongue = the first sound in read
(p. 5 Lecture 2 handout & p. 27 Bohn & Caudery 2014)
What characterizes the production of:
Approximants
[l], [ɹ], [ɻ], [j], [w]
State the three cavities that make up the:
Supralaryngeal vocal tract
State the concept comprising the following three cavities:
the pharynx
the nasal cavity
the oral cavity
Where is it situated?
The larynx
State the name of:
the area immedeately above the windpipe/trachea
What is the term for:
an airstream that originates in the lungs and moves through the vocal tract and out of the nose and/or mouth
describe the airstream:
The
egressive pulmonic airstream
What do you call the phenomenon?
the vocal folds are adducted to the point where the egressive pulmonic airstream causes the vocal folds to vibrate
define the concept:
Voicing
State the appropiate term:
an effect generated by producing speech sounds with the vocal folds wide open
Describe the production of the effect:
Voiceless
define the concept:
Voicing
What do you call the phenomenon?
the vocal folds are adducted to the point where the egressive pulmonic airstream causes the vocal folds to vibrate
